I ngā tau tata nei, nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga pūngao hou, kua tere te uru atu o te whakarewa laser ki te umanga pūngao hou katoa nā te tere me te pumau o ōna painga. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā taputapu whakarewa laser te nuinga o ngā tono i roto i te umanga pūngao hou katoa.
Te whakarewatanga o te taiahokua tere tonu te noho hei whiringa tuatahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao nā te tere o te hanga, te hohonutanga nui, me te iti o te whakarerekētanga. Mai i ngā whakapiringa ira ki ngā whakapiringa papa, ngā whakapiringa hanga me ngā whakapiringa hiri,whakarewa laserHe tino tika, he tino mana whakahaere hoki tōna. He mea nui tana mahi i roto i te whakaputanga me te hanga ahumahi, tae atu ki te ahumahi hōia, te tiaki hauora, te rererangi, ngā wāhanga motuka 3C, te pepa whakarewa mīhini, te pūngao hou me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu hangarau whakarewa, he rerekē ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakarewa taiaho.
Painga:
1. Tere tere, hohonu nui me te iti o te whakarerekētanga.
2. Ka taea te mahi whakarewa i te pāmahana noa, i raro rānei i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ā, he māmā noa ngā taputapu whakarewa. Hei tauira, kāore te hihi laser e rere i roto i te papa hikohiko. Ka taea e ngā laser te whakarewa i roto i te korehau, te hau, ētahi taiao hau rānei, ā, ka taea te whakarewa i ngā rauemi e puta ana i roto i te karāhe, i te mārama rānei ki te hihi laser.
3. Ka taea e ia te whakarewa i ngā rauemi ātete-wera pērā i te titanium me te quartz, ā, ka taea hoki e ia te whakarewa i ngā rauemi rerekē me ngā hua pai.
4. I muri i te arotahi o te taiaho, ka teitei te mātotoru o te mana. Ka taea e te ōwehenga āhua te eke ki te 5:1, ā, ka eke ki te 10:1 ina whakarewahia ngā taputapu mana-teitei.
5. Ka taea te mahi whakarewa moroiti. Kia arotahihia te hihi taiaho, ka taea te tiki i tētahi wāhi iti, ā, ka taea te whakanoho tika. Ka taea te whakamahi ki te huihuinga me te whakarewa i ngā wahi mahi moroiti me ngā wahi mahi iti hei whakatutuki i te hanga papatipu aunoa.
6. Ka taea te whakarewa i ngā wāhi uaua ki te tae atu, me te mahi whakarewa tawhiti kore-pa, me te tino ngāwari. Ina koa i ngā tau tata nei, kua whakamahia e te hangarau tukatuka taiaho YAG te hangarau tuku muka whatu, ā, kua taea ai te whakatairanga me te whakamahi whānui i te hangarau whakarewa taiaho.
7. He ngāwari te wehewehe i te hihi taiaho i roto i te wā me te wāhi, ā, ka taea te tukatuka i ngā hihi maha i ngā wāhi maha i te wā kotahi, ka whakaratohia he tikanga mō te whakarewa tika ake.
Koha:
1. Me teitei te tika o te huihuinga o te mea mahi, ā, kāore e taea te whakarerekē nui i te tūranga o te hihi i runga i te mea mahi. Nā te mea he iti te rahi o te ira taiaho i muri i te arotahi, ā, he whaiti te hononga whakarewa, he uaua ki te tāpiri rauemi whakarewa whakakī. Mena kāore te tika o te huihuinga o te mea mahi, te tika rānei o te tūranga o te hihi e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka puta pea ngā hapa whakarewa.
2. He nui te utu o ngā taiaho me ngā pūnaha e pā ana, ā, he nui te haumitanga kotahi-wā.
Ngā hapa noa o te whakarewa laseri roto i te hanga pākahiko lithium
1. Te pūngao whakarewa
Ngā hapa noa i roto iwhakarewa laserhe pūwero. He hohonu, he whaiti hoki te puna rewa o te whakarewa. I te wā o te tukanga whakarewa taiaho, ka uru mai te hauota ki te puna rewa mai i waho. I te wā o te tukanga whakamatao me te whakapakeketanga o te konganuku, ka heke te wairewatanga o te hauota i te hekenga o te pāmahana. Ina whakamatao te konganuku puna rewa kia tīmata ai te tio, ka heke tere, ka ohorere hoki te wairewatanga. I tēnei wā, ka puta he nui o te hau hei hanga mirumiru. Mena he iti iho te tere rere o ngā mirumiru i te tere tio o te konganuku, ka puta he pūwero.
I roto i ngā whakamahinga o te umanga pākahiko lithium, he maha ngā wā ka kitea he tino tūpono te puta o ngā pore i te wā e whakarewahia ana te irahiko pai, engari he onge te puta i te wā e whakarewahia ana te irahiko kino. Nā te mea he konumohe te irahiko pai, ā, he parahi te irahiko kino. I te wā e whakarewahia ana, kua whakapūmau te konumohe wai i runga i te mata i mua i te puhaketanga katoa o te hau o roto, ka ārai i te puhaketanga o te hau me te hanga i ngā pore nui me ngā pore iti. He iti ngā stomata.
Haunga ngā take o ngā pūwero kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei, kei roto hoki i ngā pūwero te hau o waho, te makuku, te hinu mata, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, ka pā anō hoki te ahunga me te koki o te pupuhi hauota ki te hanganga o ngā pūwero.
Me pēhea te whakaiti i te puta mai o ngā pore whakarewa?
Tuatahi, i mua iwhakarewa, me horoi wawe ngā paru hinu me ngā poke i runga i te mata o ngā rauemi e tae mai ana; i roto i te hanga pākahiko lithium, he mahi nui te tirotiro rauemi e tae mai ana.
Tuarua, me whakarite te rere o te hau ārai kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tere whakarewa, te kaha, te tūranga, me ētahi atu, kaua hoki e rahi rawa, kaua hoki e iti rawa. Me whakarite te pēhanga o te kahu tiaki kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kaha o te taiaho me te tūranga arotahi, kaua hoki e teitei rawa, kaua hoki e iti rawa. Me whakarite te āhua o te pūwero kahu tiaki kia rite ki te āhua, te ahunga me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te whakarewa kia taea ai e te kahu tiaki te kapi ōrite i te wāhi whakarewa.
Tuatoru, whakahaeretia te pāmahana, te haumākū me te puehu i te rangi i roto i te awheawhe. Ka pā te pāmahana me te haumākū o te taiao ki te nui o te makuku i runga i te mata o te papa me te hau tiaki, ka pā hoki ki te whakaputa me te putanga o te mamaoa wai i roto i te puna rewa. Mena he teitei rawa te pāmahana me te haumākū o te taiao, ka nui rawa te makuku i runga i te mata o te papa me te hau tiaki, ka puta he nui o te mamaoa wai, ka puta he pūwero. Mena he iti rawa te pāmahana me te haumākū o te taiao, ka iti rawa te makuku i runga i te mata o te papa me te hau tiaki, ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga o te mamaoa wai, ka whakaiti i ngā pūwero; me kimi e ngā kaimahi kounga te uara whāinga o te pāmahana, te haumākū me te puehu i te teihana whakarewa.
Tuawhā, ko te tikanga piu hihi e whakamahia ana hei whakaiti, hei whakakore rānei i ngā pūwero i roto i te whakarewa hohonu o te taiaho. Nā te tāpiri o te piu i te wā whakarewa, ko te piu hurihuri o te hihi ki te hononga whakarewa ka puta te rewa anō o tētahi wāhanga o te hononga whakarewa, ka roa ake te wā noho o te konganuku wai i roto i te puna whakarewa. I taua wā anō, ka whakanuia hoki e te piko o te hihi te whakauru wera mō ia wāhanga horahanga. Ka whakaitihia te ōwehenga hohonu-ki-te-whānui o te whakarewa, ka āwhina i te putanga mai o ngā mirumiru, ka whakakorea ngā pūwero. I tētahi atu taha, ko te piu o te hihi ka puta te pūwero iti, ka taea hoki te whakarato i te kaha whakaoho mō te puna whakarewa, te whakanui ake i te kawe me te whakaoho o te puna whakarewa, ā, he pānga pai ki te whakakore i ngā pūwero.
Tuarima, ko te auau pā, ko te auau pā e pā ana ki te maha o ngā pā e tukuna ana e te hihi taiaho i ia wā, ka pā ki te whakaurunga wera me te kohikohinga wera i roto i te puna rewa, kātahi ka pā ki te mara pāmahana me te mara rere i roto i te puna rewa. Mena he teitei rawa te auau pā, ka nui rawa te whakaurunga wera ki roto i te puna rewa, ka nui rawa te pāmahana o te puna rewa, ka puta he kohu whakarewa, he huānga rānei e huri ana i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka puta he pūwero. Mena he iti rawa te auau pā, ka kore e ranea te kohikohinga wera i roto i te puna rewa, ka iti rawa te pāmahana o te puna rewa, ka whakaiti i te whakarewatanga me te putanga o te hau, ka puta he pūwero. I te nuinga o te wā, me whiriwhiri te auau pā i roto i te whānuitanga whaitake i runga i te matotoru o te papa me te mana taiaho, ā, me karo i te teitei rawa, i te iti rawa rānei.
Ngā kōhao whakarewa (whakarewa laser)
2. Te tauhiuhi whakarewa
Ko te tauhiuhi e puta ana i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa, ka pā kino te whakarewa laser ki te kounga o te mata o te whakarewa, ā, ka poke, ka kino hoki te arotahi. Ko te mahi whānui e whai ake nei: i muri i te otinga o te whakarewa laser, he maha ngā matūriki whakarewa ka puta ki te mata o te rauemi, o te mea mahi rānei, ka piri ki te mata o te rauemi, o te mea mahi rānei. Ko te mahi tino māmā ko te wā e whakarewahia ana i te aratau o te galvanometer, i muri i te wā e whakamahia ana te arotahi tiaki o te galvanometer, ka puta he poka matotoru ki te mata, ā, ko ēnei poka ka puta mai i te tauhiuhi whakarewa. I muri i te wā roa, ka ngāwari te aukati i te mārama, ā, ka puta he raruraru ki te whakarewa rama, ka hua ake he raupapa raruraru pēnei i te whakarewa pakaru me te whakarewa mariko.
He aha ngā take o te tauhiuhi?
Tuatahi, ko te kaha o te hiko, ko te nui ake o te kaha o te hiko, ko te māmā ake o te whakaputa i te ruirui, ā, he hononga tika te ruirui ki te kaha o te hiko. He raruraru rautau tēnei. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, kāore anō kia taea e te umanga te whakaoti i te raruraru o te ruirui, ā, ko te mea anake ka taea te kī kua paku whakaitihia. I roto i te umanga pākahiko lithium, ko te ruirui te take nui o te ara iahiko poto o te pākahiko, engari kāore anō kia taea te whakaoti i te pūtake. Ko te pānga o te ruirui ki te pākahiko ka taea anake te whakaiti mai i te tirohanga tiaki. Hei tauira, ka tāpirihia he porowhita o ngā awa tango puehu me ngā taupoki tiaki huri noa i te wāhanga whakarewa, ā, ka tāpirihia he rarangi maripi hau ki roto i ngā porowhita hei ārai i te pānga o te ruirui, tae noa ki te kino ki te pākahiko. Ko te whakangaro i te taiao, ngā hua me ngā wāhanga huri noa i te teihana whakarewa ka taea te kī kua pau te huarahi.
Mō te whakaoti rapanga ruirui, ka taea anake te kī ko te whakaiti i te kaha o te whakarewanga ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te ruirui. Ka taea hoki e te whakaiti i te tere whakarewanga te āwhina mēnā kāore i te rawaka te urunga. Engari i roto i ētahi whakaritenga tukanga motuhake, he iti noa te pānga. He tukanga kotahi, he rerekē rawa ngā pānga whakarewa o ngā mīhini rerekē me ngā puranga rauemi rerekē. Nō reira, he ture kāore i tuhia i roto i te umanga pūngao hou, kotahi huinga tawhā whakarewanga mō te taputapu kotahi.
Tuarua, ki te kore e horoia te mata o te rauemi tukatuka, te mea mahi rānei, ka pā mai hoki ngā paru hinu, ngā poke rānei ki te mata. I tēnei wā, ko te mea māmā ko te horoi i te mata o te rauemi tukatuka.
3. Te whakaata nui o te whakarewa laser
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakaata teitei e pā ana ki te iti o te ātete o te rauemi tukatuka, he mata maeneene, ā, he iti te tere mimiti mō ngā taiaho tata-infrared, ka hua ake he nui te tukunga taiaho, ā, nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā taiaho e whakamahia ana i te poutū. Nā te rauemi, te iti rānei o te piko, ka hoki anō te mārama taiaho e hoki mai ana ki te pane putanga, ā, ka honoa tetahi wāhanga o te mārama e hoki mai ana ki roto i te muka tuku hiko, ka tukuna anō i te taha o te muka ki roto o te taiaho, ka noho tonu ngā wāhanga matua o roto i te taiaho ki te pāmahana teitei.
Ina nui rawa te whakaata i te wā e whakarewahia ana te taiaho, ka taea te tango i ēnei otinga:
3.1 Whakamahia he paninga ārai-whakaata, he paninga ārai-whakaata rānei: mā te paninga i te mata o te rauemi whakarewa ki te paninga ārai-whakaata ka taea te whakaiti i te whakaata o te taiaho. Ko tēnei paninga he rauemi whatu motuhake he iti te whakaata e mimiti ana i te kaha taiaho, kaua e whakaata anō. I ētahi tukanga, pērā i te whakarewanga kaikohi au, te hononga ngohengohe, me ētahi atu, ka taea hoki te whakairo i te mata.
3.2 Whakatikatika i te koki whakarewa: Mā te whakatikatika i te koki whakarewa, ka taea te taunga o te hihi laser ki runga i te rauemi whakarewa i te koki tika ake, ā, ka whakaiti i te putanga o te whakaata. I te nuinga o te wā, he huarahi pai te taunga poutū o te hihi laser ki te mata o te rauemi e whakarewahia ana hei whakaiti i ngā whakaata.
3.3 Te tāpiri i te matū mimiti āwhina: I te wā o te tukanga whakarewa, ka tāpirihia he nui o te matū mimiti āwhina, pērā i te paura, te wai rānei, ki te whakarewa. Ka mimitihia e ēnei matū mimiti te kaha o te taiaho, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakaata. Me whiriwhiri te matū mimiti tika i runga i ngā rauemi whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga tono. I roto i te umanga pākahiko lithium, kāore pea tēnei e tupu.
3.4 Whakamahia te muka whatu hei tuku i te hihi rēseri: Mena ka taea, ka taea te whakamahi i te muka whatu hei tuku i te rēseri ki te tūranga whakarewa hei whakaiti i te whakaata. Ka taea e ngā muka whatu te ārahi i te hihi rēseri ki te wāhi whakarewa hei karo i te pānga tika ki te mata o te rauemi whakarewa, me te whakaiti i te putanga mai o ngā whakaata.
3.5 Te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā taiaho: Mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā pēnei i te mana taiaho, te roa o te arotahi, me te whānui o te arotahi, ka taea te whakahaere i te tohatoha o te kaha taiaho, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā whakaata. Mō ētahi rauemi whakaata, ko te whakaiti i te mana taiaho he huarahi whai hua pea hei whakaiti i ngā whakaata.
3.6 Whakamahia he wehewehe hihi: Ka taea e te wehewehe hihi te ārahi i tētahi wāhanga o te kaha taiaho ki roto i te taputapu mimiti, ā, ka whakaitihia te putanga mai o ngā whakaata. Ko ngā taputapu wehewehe hihi he mea hanga mai i ngā wāhanga whatu me ngā mimiti, ā, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga e tika ana me te whakarerekē i te tahora o te taputapu, ka taea te whakatutuki i te iti o te whakaata.
4. Te tapahi whakarewa
I roto i te tukanga hanga pākahiko lithium, ko ēhea ngā tukanga ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka hua ake te tapahi iti iho? He aha i puta ai te tapahi iti iho? Me tātari tātou.
Ki te tapahia te rauemi whakarewa, ko te tikanga kāore i te pai te whakakotahitanga o ngā rauemi mata whakarewa, he nui rawa te āputa, he awaawa rānei, he nui ake te hohonu me te whānui i te 0.5mm, he nui ake te roa katoa i te 10% o te roa whakarewa, he nui ake rānei i te roa e hiahiatia ana i te paerewa tukanga hua.
I roto i te tukanga hanga pākahiko lithium katoa, he nui ake te tūponotanga o te tapahi iti, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka horapa ki te hiri i mua i te whakarewa me te whakarewa o te pereti uhi porotaka me te hiri i mua i te whakarewa me te whakarewa o te pereti uhi anga konumohe tapawhā. Ko te take matua he mea me mahi tahi te pereti uhi hiri me te anga ki te whakarewa, ko te tukanga taurite i waenga i te pereti uhi hiri me te anga he ngawari ki te nui o ngā āputa whakarewa, ngā awaawa, te hinga, me ētahi atu, nō reira he tino ngawari ki te tapahi iti.
Nā te aha te take o te tapahi iti?
Ki te tere rawa te tere o te whakarewa, kāore e whai wā te whakarewa wai i muri i te kōhao iti e tohu ana ki waenganui o te whakarewa ki te tohatoha anō, ka hua ake te totoka me te tapahi iti i ngā taha e rua o te whakarewa. I runga i te āhuatanga o runga ake nei, me arotau tātou i ngā tawhā whakarewa. Hei whakarāpopototanga, he whakamātautau anō hei manatoko i ngā tawhā rerekē, me te mahi tonu i te DOE kia kitea rā anō ngā tawhā e tika ana.
2. Mā te nui rawa o ngā āputa whakarewa, ngā awaawa, ngā hinganga, me ētahi atu o ngā rauemi whakarewa ka whakaiti i te nui o te konganuku rewa e whakakī ana i ngā āputa, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tapahi. He pātai tēnei mō ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi mata. Mēnā ka tutuki ngā rauemi mata whakarewa i ngā whakaritenga rauemi e haere mai ana i roto i tā mātou tukanga, mēnā ka tutuki te tika o ngā taputapu i ngā whakaritenga, me ētahi atu. Ko te mahi noa ko te whakamamae tonu me te patu i ngā kaiwhakarato me te hunga e whakahaere ana i ngā taputapu.
3. Ki te tere rawa te heke o te pūngao i te mutunga o te whakarewanga taiaho, ka hinga pea te kōhao iti, ka hua ake he tapahi iti i te rohe. Mā te taurite tika o te mana me te tere ka taea te ārai i te hanganga o ngā tapahi iti. E ai ki te kōrero tawhito, me mahi anō ngā whakamātautau, me manatoko i ngā tawhā rerekē, me te haere tonu ki te DOE kia kitea rā anō ngā tawhā tika.
5. Te hinganga o te pokapū whakarewa
Ki te puhoi te tere o te whakarewa, ka nui ake, ka whānui ake te puna rewa, ka nui ake te nui o te konganuku rewa. Ka uaua pea te pupuri i te taumahatanga o te mata. Ina taumaha rawa te konganuku rewa, ka totohu pea te pokapū o te whakarewa, ka hanga he tōpana me he rua. I tēnei wā, me whakaiti tika te mātotoru o te pūngao kia kore ai e hinga te puna rewa.
I tētahi atu āhuatanga, ka hinga noa te āputa whakarewa, ā, kāore e puta he poka. He raruraru tēnei nō te whakaurunga o ngā taputapu.
Mā te mārama tika ki ngā hapa ka puta i te wā e whakamahia ana te whakarewa taiaho, me ngā pūtake o ngā momo hapa rerekē, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi whai kiko ake hei whakatau i ngā raruraru whakarewa rerekē.
6. Whakarewahia ngā kapiti
Ko ngā kapiti e puta mai ana i te wā e whakamahia ana te whakarewa laser tonu, ko ngā kapiti wera te nuinga, pērā i ngā kapiti tioata me ngā kapiti waimeha. Ko te tino take o ēnei kapiti ko te kaha whakaheke nui e puta mai ana i te whakarewa i mua i tōna whakapakeketanga katoa.
Kei reira anō ngā take e whai ake nei mō ngā pakaru i roto i te whakarewa laser:
1. Hoahoa whakarewa koretake: Mā te hoahoa hē o te āhua me te rahi o te whakarewa ka nui te ahotea whakarewa, ka pakaru. Ko te otinga ko te arotau i te hoahoa whakarewa kia kore ai e nui te ahotea whakarewa. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā whakarewa taurite tika, te whakarerekē i te āhua o te whakarewa, me ētahi atu.
2. Te kore ōrite o ngā tawhā whakarewa: Mā te kore e tika te whiriwhiri i ngā tawhā whakarewa, pērā i te tere whakarewa tere rawa, te kaha nui rawa, me ētahi atu, ka rerekē pea te pāmahana i te wāhi whakarewa, ka hua ake he ahotea whakarewa nui me ngā pakaru. Ko te otinga ko te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā whakarewa kia ōrite ki ngā rauemi me ngā āhuatanga whakarewa motuhake.
3. Te koretake o te whakarite o te mata whakarewa: Ki te kore e horoia tika, e rongoatia rānei te mata whakarewa i mua i te whakarewa, pērā i te tango i ngā waikura, te hinu, me ētahi atu, ka pā ki te kounga me te kaha o te whakarewa, ā, ka ngāwari te pakaru. Ko te otinga ko te horoi tika me te rongoatia i mua i te mata whakarewa kia tino rongoatia ai ngā poke me ngā paru i roto i te wāhi whakarewa.
4. Te whakahaere hē o te wera e tomo mai ana i te whakarewa: Ki te kore e pai te whakahaere i te wera e tomo mai ana i te wā whakarewa, pērā i te pāmahana nui rawa i te wā whakarewa, te tere whakamatao hē o te paparanga whakarewa, me ētahi atu, ka huri te hanganga o te wāhi whakarewa, ka puta he pakaru. Ko te otinga ko te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te tere whakamatao i te wā whakarewa kia kore ai e wera rawa, kia tere ai te whakamatao.
5. Kāore i te rawaka te whakaora i te ahotea: Ki te kore e ranea te maimoatanga whakaora ahotea i muri i te whakarewa, ka kore e ranea te whakaora ahotea i te wāhi whakarewa, ka ngawari te pakaru. Ko te otinga ko te mahi i te maimoatanga whakaora ahotea tika i muri i te whakarewa, pēnei i te maimoatanga wera, te maimoatanga wiri rānei (te take matua).
Mō te tukanga hanga o ngā pākahiko lithium, ko ēhea ngā tukanga ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pakaru?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka ngawari te pakaru i te wā e hiritia ana te whakarewa, pērā i te hiritanga o ngā anga maitai porotaka, ngā anga konumohe rānei, te hiritanga o ngā anga konumohe tapawhā, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, i te wā o te tukanga tākai mō te kōwae, ka ngawari hoki te pakaru o te whakarewa o te kaikohikohi iahiko.
Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e tātou te whakamahi i te waea whakakī, te whakamahana i mua, me ētahi atu tikanga hei whakaiti, hei whakakore rānei i ēnei kapiti.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-01-2023
