Te hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei

I tēnei wā, kua noho te whakarewa hei hangarau hou kua whakauruhia. Nā te nui haere o te tūranga o te hangarau whakarewa i roto i te ōhanga o te motu, kua piki haere te taumata matatau ohangarau whakarewaKua waiho hei tohu nui mō te taumata matatau o te ahumahi ā-motu, nō reira, kua kaha te whakawhanake i ngā huinga katoa o ngā taputapu whakarewa, te hangarau matauranga horihori, te hangarau tukatuka mōhiohio, te hangarau mamati mana whakahaere mana whakarewa, te hangarau mohio whakahaere kounga whakarewa, me te tukanga whakaputa whakarewa.hangarau whakarewa karetao, ko te whanaketanga hei whakatutuki i ngā rauemi whakarewa hou e whakatutuki ana i ngā hiahia whakaputa ka tino whai wāhi nui ki te hanga i tētahi whenua auaha, penapena pūngao hoki.

Tuatahi, ko te ia o te whanaketanga hangarau whakarewa ā-rohe me tāwāhi o nāianei

He hangarau taketake nui te whakarewa, ā, ko tōna whanaketanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou. Kotahi rau tau noa te hītori o te hangarau whakarewa, engari he tino tere tōna whanaketanga. Mai i te rautau 20, inā koa i roto i ngā tekau tau e rua, e toru rānei kua pahure ake nei, me te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau kāore i kitea i mua, he maha ngā hangarau whakarewa hou kua puta ake, ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia ngā whakatutukitanga hou i roto i te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou pērā i te ahupūngao plasma, te hihi irahiko, te hihi infrared, te korehau, te ultrasound, te oro, te hikohiko moroiti, me ētahi atu i roto i te whakarewa. Nā te whakamahinga o te hangarau hou i whakatakoto te turanga mō te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakarewa, i whakarei ake i te kaha o te hangarau whakarewa, ā, i whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o te tono hangarau whakarewa. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā tikanga whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga rerekē kua hangaia. Kua whakamahia whānuitia te hangarau whakarewa i roto i te pūngao, te kawe waka, te ahumahi matū, te mīhini, ngā taputapu motuhake, te hikohiko, te rererangi, te hinu me te maha atu o ngā mara. Ka taea te kī kua piki haere te urunga o ngā whakatutukitanga hou o te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou ki roto i te mara o te whakarewa, ā, i whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tere o te hangarau whakarewa hou.

(A) te whanaketanga otaputapu whakarewame ngā tikanga whakarewa

I ngā tekau tau tata nei, me te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kua tino whanakehia hoki ngā taputapu whakarewa me ngā tikanga whakarewa. I tēnei wā, ko ngā āhuatanga whakamiharo o ngā taputapu whakarewa o tāwāhi ko te tino tika, te kounga teitei, te pono teitei, te mamati, te mana atamai, te tauine nui, te whakauru me te maha-mahi. Mai i te tirohanga o te hanganga whakaputa me te whanaketanga hangarau, kei te whanake te ao o te motu ki te huarahi o te whakarewa whai hua, aunoa, atamai, penapena-pūngao me te taiao-hoa. Kei te tata haere ngā taputapu whakarewa pewa o Haina ki te taumata o te motu, te whakarerekē i te hanganga hua, te whakapai ake i te taumata hua, me te whakawhanake kaha i te pūnga hiko whakarewa inverter me te mīhini whakarewa aunoa, haurua-aunoa, inā koa te mīhini whakarewa waro hauhā-teitei me te penapena-pūngao; Ko te hangarau whakarewa ātete ki te mana waenga me te mana teitei te kaupapa matua o te rangahau me te whanaketanga; Ka rongonui te hangarau hototahi hikohiko i roto i ngā taputapu whakarewa,umanga taputapu whakarewakei te hiahia nui ki te iti o te kai pūngao, ngā hua matomato; Kei te whanake tere te hangarau me ngā taputapu whakarewa aunoa, ko te kaupapa Three Gorges, te kaupapa tuku hau ki te hauauru-rawhiti, te miihini rererangi, te miihini moana me ētahi atu whanaketanga miihini taketake nui-motu me te aranga ake o te umanga motuka ā-rohe, kua whakatairangahia te whanaketanga me te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau whakarewa matatau, inā koa te hangarau aunoa whakarewa; Ka whakawhanakehia hoki ngā karetao whakarewa me te whakarewa mohio i roto i ngā mara motuhake me te whakamahi whānuitia; Kei te piki haere te tono mo ngā huinga taputapu whakarewa motuhake, he whānui ake te whānuitanga o te tono, kei te piki haere te teitei o ngā whakaritenga mahi hangarau, ka pakari ake, ka rongonui ake ngā taputapu hei whakatutuki i te tukanga hou whai hua, me mahi e ngā umanga hanga taputapu ā-rohe ngā putanga hou i roto i ngā huinga taputapu whakarewa motuhake, katoa.

(2) Te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi whakarewa

I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, me te auaha tonu o ngā rauemi ahumahi, kua puta ake ngā wero me ngā tono hou mō te hangarau whakarewa. Hei tauira, ko te whakamahinga o te maitai kaha-teitei, te koranu konumohe, te koranu nikara me ētahi atu rauemi kua whakatairanga whānuitia i te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakarewa. Tērā pea he raruraru ngā tikanga whakarewa tuku iho ina mahi ana ki ēnei rauemi hou, pērā i te whakarerekētanga o te whakarewa, te pakaru me ētahi atu. Nō reira, ko te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga me ngā hangarau whakarewa hou hei whakapai ake i te kounga me te pono o ngā hononga whakarewa kua waiho hei huarahi nui o te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakarewa. I tēnei wā, ko te putanga o ngā rauemi whakarewa i Haina te tuatahi o te ao, engari i roto i te hanganga o ngā rauemi whakarewa me ngā whenua whakawhanake ahumahi, he tino kitea te āputa. Hei urutau ki te ia o te hanga whakarewa ki te whai huatanga teitei, te kounga teitei, te utu iti me te aunoatanga, kei te whakatikatika tonu ngā whenua whakawhanake pērā i te United States me Japan i te hanganga hua o ngā rauemi whakarewa. I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1980, tata ki te 50% o te ōwehenga o ngā rauemi whakarewa ko ngā whenua whakawhanake o tāwāhi, ā, i te tīmatanga o te rautau 21, ko Ūropi, Amerika Te Raki, me Hapani te kai o ngā rauemi whakarewa, ko te ōwehenga o ngā tokotoko whakarewa he iti iho i te 20%, arā, ko te aunoatanga me te whakarewa ā-haurua-aunoa o nāianei i ngā whenua whakawhanake, kua neke atu i te 80% o te katoa o ngā mahi whakarewa. Mai i te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi whakarewa i ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā rohe pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani me Ūropi ki te Hauāuru, ko te whakaiti i ngā tokotoko whakarewa mō te whakarewa ā-ringa me te piki haere tonu o ngā rauemi whakarewa aunoa he ia whanaketanga e kore e taea te karo. He mea nui kia whakawhanakehia me te whakaputa waea tiaki-ā-koe me te mata he matua rongoā i roto i tō tātou whenua. Mō te waea kore-parahi i whakaurua mai e ngā kaihanga o roto me tāwāhi, me kī ko te waea paninga motuhake, nā te mea he rerekē ngā wāhanga paninga me ngā tikanga maimoatanga mata o ngā kaihanga rerekē, he rerekē hoki te mahi a te waea. Ko te tukanga paninga me te maimoatanga mata pai rawa atu ehara i te mea ko te aukati waikura me te whakahinuhinu anake, engari kāore hoki e puta he puehu parahi i te wā e whakarewa ana, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pumau o te pewa o te waea whakarewa me te whakaiti i te tauhiuhi whakarewa. I tēnei wā, kei te whakapai tonu ngā kaihanga o roto me tāwāhi o tēnei tukanga paninga me te maimoatanga mata waea, e tumanakohia ana ka tika te whakahaere a te waea me te mīhini whakarewa hurihuri mamati i te whakawhiti pewa, ka taea te whakatutuki i te pai o te mahi, te tauhiuhi iti o te whakarewa CO2 teitei-auau, kia tutuki ai te pānga ōrite o te tukanga whakarewa waea rere-matua, koinei te ahunga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei.

(3) Ngā tikanga whakarewa hou, ngā taputapu whakarewa me ngā rauemi whakarewa ā muri ake nei

I tētahi taha, me whakawhanake tātou i ngā tikanga whakarewa hou, i ngā taputapu whakarewa me ngā rauemi whakarewa hei whakapai ake i te kounga whakarewa me te pono o te haumaru, pērā i te whakapai ake i te pewa o nāianei, te pewa plasma, te hihi irahiko, te laser me ētahi atu pūngao whakarewa, te whakamahi i te hangarau hiko me te hangarau whakahaere hei whakapai ake i te mahi tukanga o te pewa, me te whakawhanake i tētahi tikanga aroturuki pewa pono me te māmā; I tētahi atu taha, he mea tika kia whakapai ake i te taumata o te mīhini whakarewa me te aunoatanga, pērā i te mīhini whakarewa hei whakatutuki i te whakahaere kaupapa, te whakahaere mamati, te whakawhanake i te mīhini whakarewa motuhake mai i te tukanga whakarite, te whakarewa ki te whakahaere kounga o te aunoatanga tukanga katoa, i roto i te raina whakaputa whakarewa aunoa, te whakatairanga me te whakawhānui i ngā karetao whakarewa CNC me ngā karetao whakarewa, ka taea te whakapai ake i te taumata o te whakaputa whakarewa, te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga hauora me te haumaru o te whakarewa. I te rautau 21, e anga atu ana ki te whāinga nui o te whanaketanga pūtaiao me te hangarau i roto i tō tātou whenua, e anga atu ana ki te āputa nui i waenga i tō tātou hangarau whakarewa me ngā whenua ke, e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō ngā kaimahi whakarewa, nō reira me whakamahi tātou i te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou, me te whai kia whakatairanga i te ahunga whakamua me te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakarewa.

II. Te tirohanga hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei

I te tau 2025, kua whakaurua katoatia te hangarau whakarewa ki roto i te ao tūroa o te ahumahi 4.0, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga matua e toru o;"He hihiri atamai, he whakaurunga tika, he matomato, he pumau hoki";.

;te urunga mohio;Kua eke te tere o te urunga o te mākete karetao whakarewa ahumahi o te ao ki te 67%, ā, kua heke te utu o te pūnaha whakarewa AI mā te 40%.

Auahatanga rauemi;E 90% o ngā āhuatanga hangahanga mama ka hipokina e ngā tukanga whakarewa rerekē.

Whāinga waro-kore;Neke atu i te 30% te tere uruhanga o ngā mīhini whakarewa hauwai, ā, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te tukunga waro whakarewa mā te 55% ki te whakaritea ki te tau 2020.

(A) Te ahunga matua o te hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei

I te whanaketanga o te hanga ki te ahunga teitei me te mohio, kei te arahi te hangarau whakarewa i te ahunga matua e whai ake nei;

;1. Pūnaha whakarewa atamai;

;Te whakarewa urutau AI;: ;Pūnaha whakarewa e whakahaerehia ana e te AI;Te tautuhi whakarewa me te arotautanga tawhā i runga i te ako hohonu kia tutuki ai te aroturukitanga kounga wā-tūturu me te whakatūpato hapa.

· Ka taea e te karetao whakarewa urutau te whakarerekē hihiri i te ara me te whakaurunga pūngao kia pai ai te aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua (pēnei i te whakarewa mata o te waka mokowhiti). Ka taea e te karetao whakarewa kua whakauruhia ki te whatunga io te tātari i te whakarerekētanga wera o te rauemi i te wā tūturu me te whakarerekē hihiri i ngā tawhā whakarewa (pēnei i te whakarewa o te kāpini koranu titanium o te waka mokowhiti). Ka piki ake te tere kitenga hapa ki te 99.5%, ā, ka piki ake te pai o te whakarewa mā te 50%.

;Te wheketere māhanga mamati;Ka whakaitihia e te hangarau whakaata mariko te huringa whanaketanga o te tukanga whakarewa mā te 70% (Tāke: Te arotautanga o te tukanga whakarewa mō te pākahiko Tesla 4680). Ka whakamahia te whakaata mariko hei matapae i te whakarerekētanga o te whakarewa me te whakaiti i te utu whakamātautau me te hapa. Tautokohia te mana mamao 5G o ngā mahi taiao morearea nui (pēnei i te tiaki i ngā tipu hiko karihi).

;2. Hangarau pūngao tino tika;

Te whakarewa laser tino tere;Mā te whakarewa taiaho femtosecond ka tutuki te tika taumata-micron mō ngā takai maramara me ngā taputapu hauora moroiti pēnei i te whakarewa waea pacemaker.

Te whakarewatanga hiato rēseri-āwhata;: e whakakotahi ana i te tino tika o te taiaho me te tino urunga o te pewa, e whakamahia ana mō te takai pākahiko waka pūngao hou.

·‌Te whakarewa hiko hiko: hei whakatutuki i te hononga kore-parahanga o te koranu titanium me ētahi atu rauemi whakarewa uaua, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga taputapu hauora.

Whakahoutanga Whakawhitinga Whakarewa Matao (CMT);Ka whakaitihia te whakauru wera ki te 20% o te MIG tuku iho, he mea e tika ana mō te whakarewa tinana konumohe lithium (raina BMW i7).

;3. Te whakarewa i te wāhi me te moana hohonu;

Te hanga tūāpapa o te marama;Ka whakamahia e NASA te hangarau whakarewa hiko korehau hei whakarewa tika i ngā hanganga whakarewa ki te ilmenite i roto i te oneone o te marama.

Te whakatikatika i ngā paipa moana hohonu;: neke atu i te 6,000 mita te hohonutanga o te pēhanga o te karetao whakarewa i raro i te wai (Kaupapa Mara Hinu me te Hau o te Moana Haina ki te Tonga o te CNOOC).

4. ;te whanaketanga o te hototahitanga rauemi;

Hononga rauemi rerekē;

· Te whakawhanake i te konumohe/maitai, te uku/whakarewa me ētahi atu hangarau honohono ranu hei whakatairanga i te hoahoa hanganga mama (pēnei i te whakaiti i te taumaha o ngā waka rererangi).

· whakarewanga hiato;

· Mā te whakarewatanga ultrasonic muka waro (CFRP), ka taea te whakaoti rapanga o te koretake o te kaha o te tukanga here tuku iho.

5. Whakapai ake pumau;mīhini whakarewa hauwai;: whakakapi i te tapahi acetylene tuku iho, kia kore ai he tukunga waro. Pūnaha horoi paowa whakarewa;: matua tātari-nano + whakahaere mōrearea AI, e hopu ana i te 99.9% o ngā matūriki kino.

(3) Ngā raraunga matua mō te hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei me te matapae mākete;

Ko ngā taputapu whakarewa āwhata, tae atu ki ngā mīhini whakarewa, ngā pū hiko me ētahi atu taputapu tāpiri, e tata ana ki te haurua o ngā taputapu whakarewa katoa, ā, e matapaetia ana ka tipu i te tere ā-tau o te 6%. Ka tipu hoki ngā taputapu whakarewa ātete, tae atu ki ngā mīhini whakarewa, ngā whakawhiti hiko, ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā wāhanga i te tere tipu teitei. E matapaetia ana ka iti ake te tere tipu o te whakarewa hau me te tapahi hau. Ka tere ake te tipu o ētahi atu taputapu whakarewa, pērā i te whakarewa poutū, te whakarewa taiaho, te whakarewa waku, te whakarewa hihi irahiko me ngā taputapu whakarewa ultrasonic. Ka tino tipu ngā taputapu whakarewa karetao i te tere tino teitei, ā, ka piki ake te tere kawemai, nā te mea ko te nuinga o ngā whakarewa he mea hanga i waho o te Hononga o Amerika. I te mea ko te Hononga o Amerika te whenua hanga taputapu whakarewa me te tapahi nui rawa atu o te ao, ka kaha tonu te kaweake o ngā taputapu whakarewa me te tapahi. E rua ngā momo konganuku whakakī whakarewa; ko ngā tokotoko whakarewa me ngā waea. Ka heke te nui o te hiko i ia tau, i ia tau, ka piki ake te nui o te waea, tae atu ki te waea totoka me te waea whai-ira. He ia whanaketanga tēnei e kore e taea te hoki.

Rahi o te mākete;Ko te mākete hangarau whakarewa o te ao ko;218 piriona tāra US;(2025), me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 9.3%.

Te ōwehenga hangarau;:

· Te whakarewatanga taiaho: 32%

· Pūnaha whakarewa atamai: 28%

· Hangarau whakarewa matomato: 25%

· Te tipu ā-rohe;Ko te rohe o Āhia-Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i whai wāhi ki te 45% o te pikinga, ā, ko Haina te rangatira o te mekameka tuku o te pūngao hou me ngā taputapu whakarewa haurua-haurua.

· (4) Ngā wero me ngā tūmanakohanga o te hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei

?Wero;:

Te pono o te whakarewa i roto i ngā taiao tino kino (pēnei i ngā tauhohenga hanumi pāmahana tino teitei).

· te whakapūmau i te tukanga whakarewa nano-tauine (te whakarārangi maramara 3D).

· Te tirohanga mō te tau 2030:

· Hangarau whakarewa matūriki: te whakamahinga o te mātāpono raranga matūriki hei whakatutuki i te hononga rauemi taumata-atomika.

· Te whakarewanga koiora: Te rangahau me te whakawhanake i te whakarewanga pāmahana-iti pirau-koiora i runga i ngā whākōkī koiora.

· (2) Ngā mara tono ahumahi hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei

· Ngā waka pūngao hou

· Rererangi

· Ngā taputapu hauora

· Hanganga

· III. Whakarāpopototanga o te hangarau whakarewa ā muri ake nei

· I roto i tētahi kupu poto, he mea whakahihiri te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakarewa me te tirohanga whakamua. Mā te auahatanga tonu o ngā rauemi, ngā taputapu me te hangarau aunoatanga, ka āta whakatutukihia e te hangarau whakarewa he whanaketanga whai hua, kounga teitei, me te mohio. Mā tēnei ka nui ake ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā wero mō te whanaketanga o te umanga hanga. Heoi anō, me rangahau hohonu, me tūhura hoki tātou, me te whakatairanga tonu i te auahatanga me te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau whakarewa hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mākete e huri haere ana. Mā te whai tonu i te auahatanga me te whanaketanga, ka taea e te hangarau whakarewa te whai wāhi nui ake i roto i te ao ahumahi o muri mai. Kua pakaru te hangarau whakarewa i ngā rohe o te hanga tuku iho, ā, kua noho hei pokapū o te auahatanga maha-mātauranga. I roto i te tekau tau e whai ake nei, ko tōna whakaurunga whakawhiti ki te matauranga horihori, te rorohiko irahiko, me te hangarau koiora ka huri i te whenua whakataetae o te hanga kounga teitei o te ao.