1. Tirohanga whānui o te umanga taiaho
(1) Whakatakitanga Reera
Ko te Reera (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, whakarāpopototia ko te REIRA) he hihi mārama e hono ana, he kotahi te tae, he mārama, he ahunga, e puta mai ana i te whakanui i te hihi mārama i te auau whaiti mā te haruru urupare whakahihiri me te hihi.
I tīmata te hangarau taiaho i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1960, ā, nā tōna āhua tino rerekē i te mārama noa, i tere te whakamahinga whānui o te taiaho i roto i ngā momo mara, ā, i tino awe i te whanaketanga me te panonitanga o te pūtaiao, te hangarau, te ōhanga me te hapori.
Nā te whānautanga o te taiaho kua tino whakarerekē te mata o ngā whatu tawhito, me te whakawhānui ake i te ahupūngao whatu tawhito ki tētahi kaupapa hangarau hou e kapi ana i ngā whatu tawhito me ngā whakaahua hou, ā, he takoha nui tēnei ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga tangata me te hapori. Kua whai wāhi te rangahau ahupūngao taiaho ki te tupu o ngā peka matua e rua o te ahupūngao whakaahua hou: te whakaahua pūngao me te whakaahua mōhiohio. E kapi ana i ngā whatu kore-raina, ngā whatu irahiko, te rorohiko irahiko, te rongo me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero taiaho, te ahupūngao plasma taiaho, te matū taiaho, te koiora taiaho, te rongoā taiaho, te tirotiro taiaho tino tika me te ine ira, te ahupūngao ngota taiaho tae atu ki te whakamatao taiaho me te rangahau matū whakakōpiri Bose-Einstein, ngā rauemi mahi taiaho, te hanga taiaho, te hanga maramara hiko-iti taiaho, te tā 3D taiaho me te neke atu i te 20 ngā kaupapa rohe o te ao me ngā tono hangarau. Kua whakatūria te Tari Pūtaiao me te Hangarau Taiaho (DSL) ki ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei.
I roto i te umanga hanga rēseri, kua uru te ao ki te wā o te "hanga māmā", e ai ki ngā tatauranga umanga rēseri o te ao, e 50% o te GDP ā-tau o te Hononga o Amerika1 e pā ana ki te tere o te whānui o te mākete o ngā tono rēseri taumata-tiketike. He maha ngā whenua whakawhanake, e tohuhia ana e te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana me Hapani, kua oti te whakakapi i ngā tukanga tuku iho ki te tukatuka rēseri i roto i ngā umanga hanga nui pēnei i te motuka me te rererangi. Kua whakaatuhia e te rēseri i roto i te hanga ahumahi he pūmanawa nui mō ngā tono hanga iti te utu, kounga teitei, tino whai hua me te motuhake e kore e taea e te hanga tikanga, ā, kua noho hei kaiārahi nui o te whakataetae me te auahatanga i waenga i ngā whenua ahumahi nui o te ao. Kei te tautoko kaha ngā whenua i te hangarau rēseri hei tētahi o ā rātou hangarau matatau nui, ā, kua whakawhanakehia e rātou ngā mahere whanaketanga umanga rēseri ā-motu.
(2)ReeraPūtake Pkaupapa matua
Ko te taiaho he taputapu e whakamahi ana i te hihi whakaoho hei whakaputa i te mārama e kitea ana, e kore rānei e kitea, he hanganga uaua, he ārai hangarau teitei hoki. Ko te pūnaha whatu he mea hanga nui mai i te pūtake papu (pūtake whakaoho), te reo whakanui (matū mahi) me te kōhao whakapūmau me ētahi atu rauemi taputapu whatu. Ko te reo whakanui te pūtake o te whakaputa irahiko, ā, mā te mimiti i te kaha i hangaia e te pūtake papu, ka peke te reo whakanui mai i te āhua whenua ki te āhua whakaoho. Nā te mea he kore pumau te āhua whakaoho, i tēnei wā, ka tukuna e te reo whakanui te kaha hei hoki ki te āhua pumau o te āhua whenua. I roto i tēnei tukanga tukunga pūngao, ka whakaputahia e te reo whakanui ngā irahiko, ā, he tino ōrite te kaha, te roangaru me te ahunga o ēnei irahiko, ka whakaata tonutia ki roto i te kōhao whakapūmau whatu, ka nekeneke tauutuutu, kia kaha tonu ai, ā, ka mutu, ka pupuhi te taiaho mā te whakaata hei hanga i te hihi taiaho. Hei pūnaha whatu matua o te taputapu pito, ko te mahi a te taiaho te mea e whakatau tika ana i te kounga me te kaha o te hihi putanga o te taputapu taiaho, koinei te wāhanga matua o te taputapu taiaho pito.
Mā te pūtake papu (pūtake whakaoho) ka whakaoho te pūngao ki te reo whakanui. Ka whakaohokia te reo whakanui ki te whakaputa i ngā photon hei whakaputa me te whakanui i te laser. Ko te kōhao whakakoi te wāhi e whakahaeretia ai ngā āhuatanga photon (auau, āhua me te ahunga o te mahi) kia whiwhi ai i tētahi pūtake mārama putanga kounga teitei mā te whakahaere i ngā wiri photon i roto i te kōhao. Mā te pūtake papu (pūtake whakaoho) ka whakarato i te whakaoho pūngao mō te reo whakanui. Ka whakaohokia te reo whakanui ki te whakaputa i ngā photon hei whakaputa me te whakanui i te laser. Ko te kōhao whakakoi te wāhi e whakatikatikaina ai ngā āhuatanga photon (auau, āhua me te ahunga o te mahi) kia whiwhi ai i tētahi pūtake mārama putanga kounga teitei mā te whakahaere i ngā wiri photon i roto i te kōhao.
(3)Te Whakarōpūtanga o te Pūtake Taiaho
Ka taea te whakarōpū i te pūtake taiaho kia rite ki te reo whakanui, te roangaru putanga, te aratau mahi, me te aratau papu, penei:
① Whakarōpūtanga mā te reo whakanui
E ai ki ngā momo pāpāho whakanui, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taiaho ki ngā taiaho āhua totoka (tae atu ki te totoka, te haurua-ā-ira, te muka, te ranu), ngā taiaho wai, ngā taiaho hau, me ētahi atu.
| ReeraPūtakeMomo | Pāpāho Whiwhi | Ngā Āhuatanga Matua |
| Pūtake Taiaho Āhua Totoka | Ngā Mea Totoka, Ngā Ārahi-ā-Haumaru, Ngā Whatu Muka, Ngā Mea Ranu | He pai te pumau, he kaha teitei, he iti te utu tiaki, he pai mō te ahumahi |
| Pūtake Reiti Wai | Ngā wai matū | He pai te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru whiriwhiri, engari he nui te rahi me te utu tiaki nui |
| Pūtake Taiaho Hau | Ngā hau | He pūtake mārama taiaho kounga teitei, engari he rahi ake, he nui ake hoki ngā utu tiaki |
| Pūtake Taiaho Irahiko Koreutu | Te hihi irahiko i roto i tētahi papa aukume motuhake | Ka taea te whakatutuki i te mana tino teitei me te putanga taiaho kounga teitei, engari he tino teitei te hangarau hanga me ngā utu whakaputa. |
Nā te pumau pai, te kaha nui me te iti o te utu tiaki, he tino painga te whakamahinga o ngā taiaho totoka.
I roto i ngā taiaho totoka, he pai ngā taiaho haurua-ira, arā, he nui te whai huatanga, he iti te rahi, he roa te ora, he iti te whakapaunga pūngao, me ētahi atu. I tētahi taha, ka taea te whakamahi tika hei pūtake mārama matua me te tautoko i ngā tono tukatuka taiaho, hauora, whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, pūoko, whakaatu, aroturuki me te tiaki, ā, kua waiho hei pūtake nui mō te whanaketanga o te hangarau taiaho hou me te hiranga rautaki mō te whanaketanga.
I tētahi atu taha, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā reera haurua-ira hei pūtake mārama matua mō ētahi atu reera pērā i ngā reera totoka me ngā reera muka, e whakatairanga nui ana i te ahunga whakamua hangarau o te mara reera katoa. Kua whakaurua e ngā whenua whakawhanake nui katoa o te ao ki roto i ā rātou mahere whanaketanga ā-motu, e tautoko kaha ana, e tere ana hoki te whanaketanga.
② E ai ki te tikanga papu
E ai ki te tikanga papu, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taiaho ki ngā taiaho papu hiko, papu whatu, papu matū, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā taiaho e pupuhihia ana e te hiko e pā ana ki ngā taiaho e whakaohokia ana e te iahiko, ko ngā taiaho hau ka whakaohokia te nuinga e te tukunga hau, ko ngā taiaho haurua-ira ia ka whakaohokia te nuinga e te werohanga iahiko.
He taiaho papu whatu te nuinga o ngā taiaho totoka me ngā taiaho wai, ā, ka whakamahia ngā taiaho haurua-ira hei pūtake papu matua mō ngā taiaho papu whatu.
Ko ngā taiaho e papuhia ana e te matū e pā ana ki ngā taiaho e whakamahi ana i te pūngao i tukuna mai i ngā tauhohenga matū hei whakaoho i te rauemi mahi.
③Whakarōpūtanga mā te aratau whakahaere
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taiaho ki ngā taiaho tonu me ngā taiaho pāorooro i runga i tō rātou momo mahi.
He pumau te tohatoha o te maha o ngā matūriki i ia taumata pūngao me te āpure irahiko i roto i te kōhao o ngā reera tonu, ā, ko tā rātou mahi e tohuhia ana e te whakaohooho o te rauemi mahi me te putanga reera e rite ana i roto i te huarahi tonu mō te wā roa. Ka taea e ngā reera tonu te whakaputa mārama reera tonu mō te wā roa, engari he mārama ake te pānga wera.
Ko ngā taiaho pāorooro e pā ana ki te roanga o te wā e puritia ana te mana taiaho i tētahi uara, ā, ka whakaputahia te mārama taiaho i roto i te āhua motumotu, me ngā āhuatanga matua o te pānga wera iti me te kaha whakahaere pai.
④ Te whakarōpūtanga mā te roangaru putanga
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā taiaho i runga i te roanga ngaru hei taiaho pūwhero, taiaho kitea, taiaho hihi ultraviolet, taiaho hihi ultraviolet hōhonu, me ētahi atu. He rerekē te whānuitanga o ngā roanga ngaru o te mārama ka taea te mimiti e ngā rauemi hanganga rerekē, nō reira e hiahiatia ana ngā taiaho o ngā roanga ngaru rerekē mō te tukatuka pai o ngā rauemi rerekē, mō ngā horopaki tono rerekē rānei.Ko ngā taiaho whero-whero me ngā taiaho UV ngā taiaho e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko ngā taiaho whero-whero te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te "tukatuka wera", ka whakamahanahia te rauemi i runga i te mata o te rauemi ka mimitihia (ka mimitihia) hei tango i te rauemi; i roto i te tukatuka rauemi kore-whakarewa kiriata angiangi, te tapahi papa haurua-haurua, te tapahi karāhe waro, te keri, te tohu me ētahi atu mara, he nui te kaha. I roto i te mara o te tukatuka rauemi kore-whakarewa kiriata angiangi, te tapahi papa haurua-haurua, te tapahi karāhe waro, te keri, te tohu, me ētahi atu, ka pakaru tika ngā hononga ngota ngota UV kaha teitei i runga i te mata o ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa, kia taea ai te wehe i ngā ngota ngota mai i te mea, ā, kāore tēnei tikanga e whakaputa i te tauhohenga wera nui, nō reira e kiia ana ko te "tukatuka makariri".
Nā te kaha nui o ngā irahiko UV, he uaua ki te whakaputa i tētahi momo taiaho UV tonu kaha nui mā te pūtake whakaohooho o waho, nō reira ka whakaputaina te taiaho UV mā te whakamahi i te tikanga tahuritanga auau pānga kore-raina o te rauemi karaihe, nō reira ko te mara ahumahi e whakamahia whānuitia ana o ngā taiaho UV ko ngā taiaho UV totoka.
(4) Mekameka ahumahi
Ko te ahunga whakamua o te mekameka ahumahi ko te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata semiconductor, ngā taputapu teitei me ngā taputapu whakaputa e pā ana ki te hanga matua laser me ngā taputapu optoelectronic, koinei te tūāpapa o te ahumahi laser, ā, he paepae urunga teitei. Ko te ahunga whakamua o te mekameka ahumahi ko te whakamahi i ngā maramara laser me ngā taputapu optoelectronic, ngā kōwae, ngā wāhanga whatu, me ētahi atu hei puna papu mō te hanga me te hoko i ngā momo laser, tae atu ki ngā laser semiconductor tika, ngā laser waro hauhā, ngā laser totoka, ngā laser muka, me ētahi atu; ko te ahumahi o raro e pā ana ki ngā wāhi tono o ngā momo laser, tae atu ki ngā taputapu tukatuka ahumahi, LIDAR, ngā whakawhitiwhitinga whatu, te ataahua hauora me ētahi atu ahumahi tono.
①Ngā kaiwhakarato o te awa
Ko ngā rauemi mata mō ngā hua o runga ake pēnei i ngā maramara reihi haurua-ira, ngā taputapu me ngā kōwae he maha ngā rauemi maramara, ngā rauemi muka me ngā wāhanga mīhini, tae atu ki ngā papa, ngā totohu wera, ngā matū me ngā huinga whare. Ko te tukatuka maramara e hiahia ana kia kounga teitei me te mahi pai o ngā rauemi mata o runga ake, ko te nuinga mai i ngā kaiwhakarato o tāwāhi, engari kei te piki haere te taumata o te rohe, ā, ka āta whakatutukihia te mana motuhake. Ko te mahi a ngā rauemi mata matua o runga ake he pānga tika ki te kounga o ngā maramara reihi haurua-ira, me te whakapai tonu i te mahi a ngā rauemi maramara rerekē, hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā hua o te umanga he mahi pai ki te whakatairanga.
②Mekameka ahumahi waenga-awa
Ko te maramara taiaho hiko-haurua te pūtake mārama papu matua o ngā momo taiaho i waenganui o te mekameka ahumahi, ā, he mahi pai tana ki te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o ngā taiaho waenga. I roto i te mara o ngā taiaho waenga, ko te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana me ētahi atu umanga o tāwāhi te hunga e kaha ana, engari i muri i te whanaketanga tere o te ahumahi taiaho ā-rohe i ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te whakakapinga ā-rohe o te mākete waenga o te mekameka ahumahi.
③Mekameka ahumahi i raro iho
He nui ake te tūranga o te umanga o raro i te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te umanga, nō reira ka pā tika te whanaketanga o te umanga o raro ki te wāhi mākete o te umanga. Nā te tipu tonu o te ōhanga o Haina me te putanga mai o ngā whai wāhitanga rautaki mō te panonitanga ōhanga kua pai ake ngā āhuatanga whanaketanga mō te whanaketanga o tēnei umanga. Kei te neke a Haina mai i te whenua hanga ki te whenua kaha hanga, ā, ko ngā reera o raro me ngā taputapu reera tētahi o ngā kī ki te whakapai ake i te umanga hanga, e whakarato ana i tētahi taiao tono pai mō te whakapainga roa o tēnei umanga. Kei te piki haere ngā whakaritenga a te umanga o raro mō te taupū mahi o ngā maramara reera haurua-ira me ā rātou taputapu, ā, kei te haere mārire ngā umanga ā-rohe ki te mākete reera mana teitei mai i te mākete reera mana iti, nō reira me whakapiki tonu te umanga i te haumi ki te mara o te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau me te auahatanga motuhake.
2. te tūnga whanaketanga o te umanga taiaho haurua-ira
Ko ngā reera hiko-haurua te mea tino pai rawa atu mō te hurihanga pūngao i roto i ngā momo reera katoa, i tētahi taha, ka taea te whakamahi hei pūtake papu matua mō ngā reera muka whatu, ngā reera āhua-totoka me ētahi atu reera papu whatu. I tētahi atu taha, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau reera hiko-haurua e pā ana ki te pai o te mana, te kanapa, te roa o te ora, te roangaru maha, te tere whakarerekētanga, me ētahi atu, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā reera hiko-haurua i roto i te tukatuka rauemi, te hauora, te whakawhitiwhiti whatu, te kite whatu, te tiaki, me ētahi atu. E ai ki a Laser Focus World, ko te tapeke o ngā moni whiwhi o te ao mō ngā reera diode, arā, ngā reera hiko-haurua me ngā reera kore-diode, e kiia ana he $18,480 miriona i te tau 2021, ā, ko ngā reera hiko-haurua te 43% o te tapeke o ngā moni whiwhi.
E ai ki a Laser Focus World, ko te mākete reihi haurua-irahiko o te ao ka eke ki te $6,724 miriona i te tau 2020, he pikinga 14.20% mai i te tau o mua. I te whanaketanga o te matauranga o te ao, te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā reihi i roto i ngā taputapu atamai, ngā hikohiko kaihoko, te pūngao hou me ētahi atu mara, me te haere tonu o te whānui o ngā taputapu hauora, ataahua me ētahi atu tono hou, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā reihi haurua-irahiko hei puna papu mō ngā reihi papu whatu, ā, ka mau tonu te tipu pumau o tōna rahi mākete. Ko te rahi o te mākete reihi haurua-irahiko o te ao i te tau 2021 he $7.946 piriona, ko te tere tipu o te mākete he 18.18%.
Nā ngā mahi tahi a ngā tohunga hangarau me ngā umanga me ngā kaimahi, kua tutuki i te umanga reihi haurua-ira o Haina te whanaketanga whakamiharo, nō reira kua wheakohia e te umanga reihi haurua-ira o Haina te tukanga mai i te tīmatanga, me te tīmatanga o te tauira o te umanga reihi haurua-ira o Haina. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakanuia e Haina te whanaketanga o te umanga reihi, ā, kua whakatapua ngā rohe maha ki te rangahau pūtaiao, ki te whakarei ake i te hangarau, ki te whakawhanake i te mākete me te hanganga o ngā papa ahumahi reihi i raro i te kaiārahi o te kāwanatanga me te mahi tahi a ngā umanga reihi.
3. Te whanaketanga ā muri ake nei o te umanga taiaho o Haina
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā whenua whakawhanake o Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika, kāore te hangarau taiaho o Haina i te tōmuri, engari i roto i te whakamahinga o te hangarau taiaho me te hangarau matua teitei, he nui tonu te āputa, inā koa ko te maramara taiaho haurua-whakarunga me ētahi atu wāhanga matua e whakawhirinaki tonu ana ki ngā kawemai.
Ko ngā whenua whakawhanake e tohuhia ana e te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana me Hapani kua oti te whakakapi i te hangarau hanga tuku iho i roto i ētahi mara ahumahi nui, ā, kua uru ki te wā o te "hanga māmā"; ahakoa he tere te whanaketanga o ngā tono taiaho i Haina, he iti tonu te tere whakauru tono. Hei hangarau matua o te whakapai ake ahumahi, ka noho tonu te umanga taiaho hei wāhanga matua o te tautoko ā-motu, ā, ka haere tonu te whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o te tono, ā, i te mutunga ka whakatairanga i te umanga hanga o Haina ki te wā "hanga māmā". Mai i te āhuatanga whanaketanga o nāianei, ko te whanaketanga o te umanga taiaho o Haina e whakaatu ana i ngā au whanaketanga e whai ake nei.
(1) Ka āta kitea te rohenga o te maramara taiaho hikohiko me ētahi atu wāhanga matua
Hei tauira, ko te pūtake papu pūwero pūwero mana teitei te wāhi matua o te pūwero haurua-ira, ā, ko te maramara pūwero haurua-ira mana teitei me te kōwae he wāhanga nui o te pūwero pūwero. I ngā tau tata nei, kei roto te umanga pūwero pūwero whatu o Haina i tētahi wāhanga tipu tere, ā, kei te piki haere te taumata o te rohe i ia tau.
Mō te urunga ki te mākete, i roto i te mākete reiti muka mana-iti, i eke te wāhanga mākete o ngā reiti ā-rohe ki te 99.01% i te tau 2019; i roto i te mākete reiti muka mana-waenga, kua mau tonu te tere urunga o ngā reiti ā-rohe ki te neke atu i te 50% i ngā tau tata nei; kei te haere whakamua haere hoki te tukanga kimi i ngā reiti muka mana-nui, mai i te tau 2013 ki te 2019 kia tutuki ai te "mai i te tīmatanga". Kei te haere whakamua haere hoki te tukanga kimi i ngā reiti muka mana-nui, mai i te tau 2013 ki te 2019, ā, kua eke ki te tere urunga o te 55.56%, ā, e matapaetia ana ko te tere urunga ā-rohe o ngā reiti muka mana-nui e 57.58% i te tau 2020.
Heoi, ko ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i ngā maramara taiaho haurua-haurua mana-teitei kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ki ngā kawemai, ā, ko ngā wāhanga o runga o ngā taiaho me ngā maramara taiaho haurua-haurua hei matua kei te āta whakawāhia, e whakapai ake ana i te tauine mākete o ngā wāhanga o runga o ngā taiaho ā-rohe, ā, i tētahi atu ringa, mā te whakawāhia o ngā wāhanga matua o runga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha o ngā kaihanga taiaho ā-rohe ki te whai wāhi atu ki te whakataetae o te ao.
(2) Ka tere ake, ka whānui ake hoki te uru o ngā whakamahinga taiaho
I te āta haere o ngā wāhanga matua optoelectronic o te awa whakarunga, me te āta heke haere o ngā utu tono taiaho, ka hohonu ake te uru atu o ngā taiaho ki roto i ngā ahumahi maha.
I tētahi taha, mō Haina, ka uru hoki te tukatuka taiaho ki roto i ngā wāhanga tono tekau o runga o te umanga hanga o Haina, ā, e matapaetia ana ka whānui ake ngā wāhanga tono o te tukatuka taiaho, ā, ka whānui ake te tauine mākete a muri ake nei. I tētahi atu taha, me te rongonui tonu me te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau pēnei i te kore taraiwa, te pūnaha taraiwa āwhina matatau, te karetao arotahi-ratonga, te pūoko 3D, me ētahi atu, ka nui ake te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara maha pēnei i te motuka, te matauranga horihori, te hikohiko kaihoko, te mohio kanohi, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu me te rangahau tiaki whenua. Hei taputapu matua, hei wāhanga rānei o ngā tono taiaho i runga ake nei, ka tere ake te whanaketanga o te taiaho haurua-ira.
(3) He kaha ake, he kounga hihi pai ake, he roangaru poto ake, ā, he tere ake te whanaketanga o te ahunga auau
I roto i te mara o ngā taiaho ahumahi, kua tino ahu whakamua ngā taiaho muka i runga i te mana whakaputa, te kounga hihi me te kanapa mai i tōna whakaurunga. Heoi, mā te mana teitei ake ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere tukatuka, te arotau i te kounga tukatuka, me te whakawhānui ake i te mara tukatuka ki te hanga ahumahi taumaha, i roto i te hanga motuka, te hanga rererangi, te pūngao, te hanga mīhini, te whakarewa, te hanga waka tereina, te rangahau pūtaiao me ētahi atu mara tono i roto i te tapahi, te whakarewa, te maimoatanga mata, me ētahi atu, kei te piki haere tonu ngā hiahia mana taiaho muka. Me whakapai tonu ngā kaihanga taputapu e pā ana ki te mahi a ngā taputapu matua (pēnei i te maramara taiaho haurua-mana teitei me te muka whiwhi), me te whakanui ake i te mana taiaho muka me te hangarau whakarerekētanga taiaho matatau pēnei i te whakakotahi hihi me te hanga mana, ka kawea mai he whakaritenga me he wero hou ki ngā kaihanga maramara taiaho haurua-mana teitei. Hei tāpiri, ko te whanaketanga o ngā roangaru poto ake, ngā roangaru maha ake, te tere ake (tino tere) taiaho he huarahi nui hoki, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā maramara porowhita whakauru, ngā whakaaturanga, ngā hikohiko kaihoko, te rererangi me ētahi atu tukatuka moroiti tika, tae atu ki ngā pūtaiao ora, te hauora, te pūoko me ētahi atu mara, ka tukuna e te maramara taiaho haurua-mana he whakaritenga hou.
(4) mō ngā wāhanga hikohiko laser mana teitei, me tipu tonu te tono
Ko te whanaketanga me te ahumahi o te reiti muka mana-teitei he hua o te ahunga whakamua tahi o te mekameka ahumahi, e hiahia ana kia tautokona ngā wāhanga matua optoelectronic pēnei i te pūtake papu, te wehewehe, te kukū hihi, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā wāhanga optoelectronic e whakamahia ana i roto i te reiti muka mana-teitei te pūtake me ngā wāhanga matua o tōna whanaketanga me te whakaputa, ā, ko te mākete whānui o te reiti muka mana-teitei e akiaki ana i te tono mākete mō ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i ngā maramara reiti haurua-haurua mana-teitei. I taua wā anō, me te whakapai tonu o te hangarau reiti muka ā-rohe, kua noho te whakakapinga kawemai hei ia e kore e taea te karo, ka haere tonu te whakapai ake i te wahanga mākete reiti i te ao, e kawe mai ana hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga nui mō te kaha ā-rohe o ngā kaihanga wāhanga optoelectronic.
Wā tuku: Maehe-07-2023
