Huinga Whakarewa
1. Te Āputa Huihuinga me te Hē o te Tūnga
He mea nui te kounga o te huihuinga hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakarewa. Mā te nui rawa o ngā āputa huihuinga, te hē rānei o te tūnga, ka ngāwari te puta o ngā hapa pērā i te weranga, te ngoikore o te hanganga whakarewa, me te kore e tino uru. Me iti rawa te āputa huihuinga mō ngā hononga poro me te hononga papa. Kei te Ripanga 8-2 ngā whakaritenga mō ngā āputa me te hē o te tūnga i roto i te whakarewa ā-ringa taiaho aunoa.
Hei whakarite i ngā rahi o te wahi mahi, hei whakaiti i te rerekētanga, me te ārai i te hē o te tūnga o te wāhi e whakarewahia ana nā te rerekētanga hurihuri i te wā e whakarewahia ana, me whakarewa te taputapu i mua i te whakarewa. Ko te tikanga tukanga kotahi e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa taputapu huihuinga. Ko te roa o ngā whakarewa taputapu he 20–30mm, ā, ko ngā whakaritenga kounga mō ngā whakarewa taputapu (hei tauira, te hohonu me te whānui o te urunga) he iti iho i ērā mō te whakarewa tikanga. Ko te tere haere tere ake te whakamahinga mō te whakarewa taputapu i te whakarewa tikanga. I runga i te kaupapa o te whakarite i te hononga pono o ngā whakarewa taputapu, me papatahi, me roa, me angiangi ngā whakarewa taputapu, kaua hoki e nui rawa, e whānui rawa, e teitei rawa rānei. Me tiaki hoki ngā whakarewa taputapu kia kore ai e waikura.
3. Ngā Taputapu me ngā Here
Ko te whakarewa laser te nuinga e whakamahia ana mōwhakarewa pereti angiangiI roto i te whakarewa pereti angiangi, ka mahia te whakarewa i te taha o mua o te mea mahi, me te rewa nui i te taha o muri kia pai ai te hanganga o te whakarewa o muri. Mō te whiriwhiri tawhā: ko te iti o te wera ka puta he hononga kāore i oti ki te tuara; ko te nui o te wera ka puta, me te whakarite kia uru katoa ki te tuara, ka arahi pea ki te wera nui nā te taumaha o te konganuku rewa, te whānui rewa kore taurite rānei e pā ana ki te matotoru o te mea mahi. Hei ārai i te wera nui, ki te taea te whakapiri i te mea mahi, me whakamahi ngā taputapu hei whakapiri i te mea mahi i te wā e whakarewa ana i te pereti angiangi—mā te pēhi i te taha o mua ka whakatakoto i te pereti parahi, te pereti rino kore waikura rānei ki te taha o muri. Mā tēnei ka ārai i ngā huringa o ngā āputa huihuinga, i te hē rānei o te tūnga i puta mai i te whakarerekētanga o te whakarewa, ā, ka karohia te hinganga wera. Ina he kore taurite te horapa o te wera o te mea mahi puta noa i ngā rohe nā ngā take hanganga, he whai hua hoki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hei whakataurite i te wera, e whai ana ki te hanga whakarewa me ngā rahi ōrite i ngā taha o mua me muri.
Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Tawhā Whakarewa
Ko te tikanga whānui, ko ngā tawhā whakarewa taiaho ko te mana taiaho, te whānui o te pāoro taiaho, te nui o te whakakore arotahi, te tere whakarewa, me te hau tiaki.
1. Mana Taiaho
He paepae te kaha o te taiaho i roto i te whakarewa taiaho. I raro iho i tēnei paepae, he papaku te hohonutanga o te urunga; ina tae atu, ina neke atu rānei, ka nui haere te hohonutanga o te urunga. Ka puta te parāoa ina nui ake te kaha o te taiaho i runga i te mea mahi i te paepae, e tohu ana i te whakarewatanga urunga hohonu pumau. I raro iho i te paepae, ko te mata anake ka rewa (te whakarewatanga kawe wera pumau). I te taha o te āhua tino nui mō te hanganga kōhao kī, ka taupatupatu te urunga hohonu me te whakarewatanga kawe wera, ka hua ake he tukanga kore pumau me ngā rerekētanga nui o te hohonutanga urunga. Ko te kaha taiaho tētahi o ngā tawhā tino nui i roto i te tukatuka taiaho me te mea matua hei whakatau i te hohonutanga urunga whakarewa. Mō te diameter wāhi arotahi pumau, he rite te kaha o te taiaho ki te kaha taiaho: ka nui ake te kaha ka whakanui i te hohonutanga urunga me te tere o te whakarewa. Heoi, ko te kaha nui ka nui ake te wera o te puna rewa, ka nui ake te whānui o te whakarewa me te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera (HAZ), ā, ka nui ake te tauhiuhi, ka poke pea te arotahi whakarewa. Ki te kaha teitei, ka taea te whakamahana i te paparanga mata ki te kohua me te mimiti nui i roto i ngā maikorohekona, ka pai mō ngā tukanga tango rauemi pēnei i te keri, te tapahi, me te whakairo. Ki te iti ake te mana, ka pau ngā mirihekona ki te mata kia koropupū, ā, ka rewa te paparanga o raro i mua i te mimiti o te mata, ka āwhina i te pai o te whakarewanga.
2. Whānui Pānga Taiaho
Ko te whānui o te pāorooro taiaho, te "whānui pāorooro" rānei, he tawhā matua i roto i te whakarewa taiaho pāorooro. Ka whakatauhia e te hohonutanga o te urunga me te HAZ: ka whakanuia e te whānui o te pāorooro roa ake te HAZ, ā, ka piki ake te hohonutanga o te urunga me te pūtake tapawhā o te whānui o te pāorooro. Heoi, ka whakaitihia e te whānui o te pāorooro roa ake te mana tihi, nō reira ka whakamahia whānuitia mō te whakarewatanga kawe wera, ka hanga he whakarewa whānui, papaku—he tino pai mō ngā hononga piko o ngā pereti angiangi me te matotoru. Heoi, ka nui rawa te wera e uru mai ana i te mana tihi iti, ā, he whānui pāorooro pai rawa atu tō ia rauemi mō te hohonutanga urunga mōrahi.
3. Kōwhiringa o te Rahi Whakakore Arotahi
He mea nui te tūnga o te wāhi arotahi i roto i tewhakarewa honohono taiaho. Ina kei runga ake te arotahi i te mata o te mea mahi, he iti te hohonutanga o te werohanga, ā, he uaua te whakarewa hohonu. Ina kei raro te arotahi i te mata, he teitei ake te mātotoru o te mana i roto i te mea mahi i tō te mata, ka whakatairanga i te kaha o te rewa me te mimiti, ka taea ai te whakawhiti pūngao ki roto i te mea mahi, ā, ka whakanui ake i te hohonutanga o te werohanga. E rua ngā momo whakakorenga arotahi: te whakakorenga arotahi pai (te papa arotahi i runga ake i te mea mahi) me te whakakorenga arotahi kino (te papa arotahi i raro i te mea mahi). I roto i te mahi, mō ngā pereti matotoru e hiahia ana ki te hohonutanga nui, ka whakamahia te whakakorenga arotahi kino, me te arotahi taiaho 1–2mm i raro i te mata o te mea mahi. Mō ngā pereti angiangi, he pai ake te whakakorenga arotahi pai, me te arotahi 1–1.5mm i runga ake i te mata.
4. Tere Whakarewa
Ki te pumau ētahi atu tawhā, ka heke te hohonu o te werohanga i te pikinga o te tere whakarewa, ā, ka pai ake te pai. Kāore e tutuki i ngā tere tino teitei ngā whakaritenga werohanga; ka puta te rewa nui, te whānui o ngā whakarewa, te wera nui o te HAZ, me te pikinga o te kaha ki te pakaru wera.whakarewa laser pāorooro, ka whakatauhia hoki te tere e te auau pāoro mōrahi me te taupatupatu ira e hiahiatia ana—me taupatupatu ia ira pāoro e whai ake nei ki tētahi whānuitanga. Nō reira, mō tētahi mana taiaho me te matotoru o te rauemi, he awhe tere tino pai, e tutuki ai te hohonutanga uru mōrahi i tētahi tere motuhake.
5. Hau Whakamarumaru
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā hau kore e hiahiatia hei tiaki i te puna rewa i te wā e whakarewa ana i te laser. Ahakoa kāore pea ētahi rauemi e hiahiatia he tiaki mai i te waikura o te mata, ko te nuinga o ngā tono e hiahiatia ana. Ko te tikanga, ko te Ar, N₂, me te He e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa laser konumohe hei ārai i te waikura. I roto i te ariā, ko te He te mea māmā rawa me te kaha ionization teitei rawa, engari i te kaha iti me te tere teitei, he ngoikore te plasma, ka whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā hau. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite, he ngāwari ake te whakaoho a te N₂ i te hanganga kī kōhao nā ngā tauhohenga exothermic me te Al; ko ngā pūhui Al-NO₂ tuatoru ka puta he nui ake te mimiti laser. Heoi, ka hangaia e te N₂ parakore ngā āhua me ngā pūwero Al-N pakarukaru i roto i ngā whakarewa. Ko ngā hau kore e hiahiatia he mama, ka puta mai me te kore e puta he pūwero, ka nui ake te whai hua o ngā hau whakauru. Nō nā tata nei, kua piki ake te rangahau mō te whakarewa laser Al mā te whakamahi i ngā ranunga Ar-O₂ me te N₂-O₂.
6. Te mimiti rauemi
Ko te mimiti o te pūngao taiaho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mimiti, te whakaata, te kawe wera, te pāmahana rewa, me te pāmahana mimiti, ko te mimiti te mea tino nui. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mimiti ko:
Ātete hiko: Mō ngā mata kua orohia, he rite te kaha mimiti ki te pūtake tapawhā o te ātete, e rerekē ana i runga i te pāmahana.
Āhua o te mata: He pānga nui ki te mimiti, ā, nō reira, ki ngā hua o te whakarewanga.
Ngā Tohutohu Whakahaere me ngā Tapu mō te Whakarewatanga Muka Taiaho Ringaringa
1. Āraihia te Irahiko Āwhata
Ngā mīhini whakarewa muka taiaho ā-ringaWhakamahia ngā taiaho muka akomanga 4 e tuku ana i te hihi (1080±3)nm me te mana putanga neke atu i te 1000W (i runga i te tauira). Ka taea e te pānga tika, ā-kore rānei te kino ki ngā kanohi, ki te kiri rānei. Ahakoa e kore e kitea, ka taea e te hihi te whakararu i te retina, i te cornea rānei. Me mau tonu ngā mōhiti haumaru taiaho kua whakamanahia i te wā e mahi ana te taiaho. Kaua rawa e titiro tika ki te pane putanga i te wā e whakakāhia ana te taiaho, ahakoa he mōhiti kanohi kei a koe.
2. Te whakatakoto i ngā tawhā whakarewa
Whakatakotoria te mana iti o te rēseri ki te mata pa (e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 8-2). Whakatakotoria te pūwero parahi o te pane whakarewa ki te wāhi mahi, ka pēhi i te pana rama hei tuku rēseri mō te whakarewa. Ngā tawhā noa: te auau rēseri 5000Hz, te tere o te karawaka 300–600, te whakaroa hau >100ms, te huringa mahi 100% mō te tukunga tonu. Whakatikatikahia te whānui whakarewa i runga i ngā āputa huihuinga; ka taea te whakarite i te mana mai i te 0–1000W (0–100% o te mōrahi). Whai muri i te whakauru i ngā tawhā, pāwhiritia te "ĀE" ka tiaki kia whai mana ngā tautuhinga.
4. Kaua e whakanui rawa i te tere o te whakarewa
Ka hangaia ngā whakarewa mā te neke i te pūtake taiaho (tirohia te Pikitia 8-3). Ko te hohonu me te whānui e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere me te kaha, me ngā tere noa o te 1–3 m/min, ka puta he mata maeneene, kāore he unahi me te ōwehenga āhua <1. Mō te iahiko me te ngaohiko pumau, ka pā tika te huri tere ki te whakaurunga wera, ka whakarerekē i te urunga me te whānui. Ko ngā tere tino teitei ka kore e ranea te wera, ka hua ake he urunga iti, he whānui whaiti, he tapahi iti, he pūwero, me te urunga kāore i oti.
Te horoi ā-ringa: Whakamahia he paraihe maitai kore waikura, he wira hau rānei hei tango i ngā waikura kia puta rā anō he āhua mā kanapa. Whakarewahia tonutia i muri i te whakakanapa; whakakanapa anō mēnā ka roa te whakarewanga mō te neke atu i te 36 hāora.
Te horoi matū: Tangohia ngā waikura mā te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga matū (he rerekē ngā tikanga i runga i te rauemi). Kei te Ripanga 8-3 ngā tikanga horoi matū mō ngā koranu konumohe. Tangohia te hinu/puehu me ngā whakarewa waro (penehīni, waipiro isopropyl) mā te rumaki, te muru, me te whakamaroke.
5. Whakaitihia te Porosity
He mea noa ngā pūwero hauwai i roto i te whakarewanga taiaho konumohe. Whakaitihia mā te tango i te makuku o te mata, te hinu, me ngā waikura. Mā te whakaroa i te wā whakamatao puna rewa (mā te whakanui ake i te whānui o te pāorooro) ka āwhina i ngā hau kia puta, nā te mea ka whakawhāitihia te tukunga hau e te huringa wera tere o te whakarewanga taiaho. Āta karohia ngā tūranga arotahi, ngā tūranga whakakorekore rānei, ina nui te tauhohenga puna rewa me te mimiti o te koranu ka whakanui ake i te mimiti; whakamahia te kaha ngawari mā te whakakorekore kua whakatikatikaina hei whakaiti i te mimiti.
6. Kia Mataara ki te Tūnga o te Pupuri Rama
He taumaha ake ngā rama rēseri ringaringa (tirohia te Pikitia 8-4) i ngā rama TIG, ā, he matotoru hoki ngā taura, ka ngenge te kaiwhakahaere. Mō te whakarewa roa, pupurihia te rama ki ngā ringa e rua, kia mau tonu te pūwero ki te mea mahi, kia āta whakaritea te whakarewa, ka tōia te rama ki a koe. Whakatikatikahia te tū i runga i te tūnga whakarewa hei whakaiti i te ngenge me te maha o ngā hononga.
7. Ārai i ngā Whara Reira
Ka pā mai pea ngā aituā ki te kore e tika te whakahaere. Whāia ēnei ture:
Kaua rawa e titiro matatau ki te pane putanga taiaho i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Kaua e whakamahiangā taiaho mukai roto i ngā taiao pōuri/pōuriuri.
Kaua rawa e aro atu te rama ki te tangata i te wā e ora ana te taputapu.
Whakamahia ngā ārai whakarewa i roto i te 3 mita o te wāhi whakarewa.
Me whakawhāiti noa te urunga ki te rohe whakarewa ki ngā kaiwhakahaere.
Mauria ngā taputapu tiaki (ngā mōhiti mata kua whakamanahia, ngā kopare kanohi, ngā karapu). Kaua rawa e titiro matatau ki te pane putanga i te wā e whakakāhia ana te taiaho, ahakoa he mōhiti mata kei a koe.
Kia āta pupuri i te rama me te taura (kia kaua e neke atu i te 200mm te whānui o te piko).
Monokia te kī tukunga taiaho ina kore e whakamahia.
Me whakarite kia pai te kounga o te pūwero hei tiaki i te hau:
He maeneene ngā pakitara o roto, he ōrite ki te taiaho.
Whakakapia tonutia ngā pūwero kua pakaru kia mau tonu ai te nekehanga o te rama.
Ka pā te rahi o te whakatuwheratanga o te pūwero (tirohia te Pikitia 8-6) ki te kounga o te whakarewa: ka nui ake te rere o te hau i ngā whakatuwheratanga nui ake, ka tere ake te whakapakeketanga, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te porosity/ngatata.
8. Āta karohia ngā Tere Nui mō ngā Koranu e Pāngia ana e te Pakaru
Te whakarewa laser ā-ringaKa whakamahia ngā rama galvanometer hurihuri aunoa, kore-waea, me te kore-whakawhitiwhiti. Ka whakaitihia e ngā tere teitei te urunga, ka whakawhāitihia ngā whakarewa, ka ngoikore te tapahi, ka whakararuraru i te kapi hau tiaki, ka kino ake te tiaki. Whakamahia ngā tere iti ake mō ngā koranu e tairongo ana ki te pakaru.
9. Whakapūmau i te Kounga o ngā Hononga
Tērā pea ka puta he wera, he rua, he pakaru rānei i te rua i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana me te whakarewanga kore-waea. Whakarewa tonutia kia iti ake ai ngā aukati; ki te kore e taea te karo i ngā aukati (hei tauira, ngā huringa tūranga, te whakarewanga wāhanga), āta haere (10mm) i mua i te whakamutu kia kore ai e puta he rua. Tīmata anō 20mm i muri i te rua o mua kia taupatupatu ai, kia pai ai te kounga.
10. Whai i te Nekehanga Rama Tika
Tōia te rama ki a koe (mai i tawhiti ki tata) me te kore e nekeneke taha. Kia mau tonu te tere me te aroturuki i te hanganga whakarewa ōrite. Mō te whakarewa poutū, whakamahia te haere ki raro (kaua ki runga) hei āwhina i te tere o te whakapakeketanga me te whakarite kia mau tonu te nekehanga.
11. Ārai i te Tapahi Iti, te Tapahi Iti, me te Hinga i roto i ngā Whakarewatanga Lap
Mō ngā whakarewanga piko, whakatikatikahia te koki pānga o te taiaho kia taupokina e te karawaka te 2/3 o te pereti poutū (tirohia te Pikitia 8-7). Ka rewa te pereti poutū (hei whakakī) me te 1/3 o te pereti turanga mā te kawe wera, ka hanga he whakarewanga rahi e tika ana i muri i te whakamatao. Ko ngā whakarewanga piko ngoikore ka ngoikore te kaha o ngā hononga, ka whakaiti i te ātete pakaru, ka puta rānei te pakaru o te hanganga—āta karohia te tapahi iti.
12. Whakaitihia te Whakaata i roto i te Whakarewatanga Konumohe
E whakaata ana te konumohe i te 60–98% o te kaha o te taiaho. Ka heke tere te kaha whakaata i te pūwāhi rewa, ā, ka pumau ina rewa. Ka heke te kaha mimiti i te pikinga o te koki putanga; ka puta te mimiti mōrahi i te putanga noa (whakatikatikahia kia rite ki te tiakitanga o te karu). Whakaitihia te kaha whakaata mā te tango i ngā waikura mā te horoi ā-pūkaha/matū.
13. Te Whakamahinga Tika o te Hau Ārai
Ka pā te hau ārai ki te hanganga whakarewa, te urunga, me te whānui. Ka whakapai ake te nuinga o ngā hau i te kounga engari tera pea he ngoikoretanga:
Ar: He iti te pūngao ionization, he nui te hanganga plasma (ka whakaiti i te pai o te laser) engari he kore mahi, he iti te utu, ā, he kikī—he pai te kapi i te puna rewa (he pai mō te whakamahinga whānui).
N₂: Pūngao whakakoiota taurite (he pai ake te whakaiti i te plasma i te Ar), engari ka tauhohe ki te maitai konumohe/waro hei hanga i ngā nitride pakarukaru, ka whakaiti i te pakari (kāore i te tūtohutia mō ēnei rauemi). He pai mō te maitai kore waikura, ina whakanuia e ngā nitride te kaha.
14. Te Rere o te Hau Ārai
Ka tukuna te hau mā roto i te pūwero i raro i te pēhanga motuhake. He mea nui te hoahoa waiora me te whānui o te putanga o te pūwero: he nui hei taupoki i te whakarewa, engari he iti hei ārai i te rere pōrearea (e kukume ana i te hau, e puta ai te porosity). Mō te whakarewa laser ringaringa, ko te tere rere noa he 7L/min. Ka whakaohokia e te rere nui ngā poke ki roto i te puna rewa, ka whakararu i te parakore o te hau—tīpakohia te tere rere tika.
15. Tūnga Arotahi Taiaho
Tūnga arotahi: Te wāhi iti rawa, te kaha teitei rawa—whakamahia mōwhakarewa irahe iti te kaha, he iti noa rānei ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi o ngā ira (tirohia te Pikitia 8-8).
Te kore arotahi kino: He ira nui ake (ka piki ake i te tawhiti mai i te arotahi)—he pai mō te whakarewanga tonu me te whakarewanga ira hohonu.
Te whakakorenga arotahi pai: He ira nui ake (ka piki ake i te tawhiti mai i te arotahi)—he pai mō te hiri mata, mō te whakarewanga tonu rānei me te iti o te urunga.
Te whakahaere mō te whakarewanga uru katoa: Ko te panonitanga iti o te tae i te tuara e tohu ana i te kounga pai; ko ngā tohu/urunga kitea ka puta he ruirui, he awaawa hohonu rānei i roto i te whakarewanga tonu. Whakatikatikahia te arotahi, te kaha, me te āhua ngaru i runga i ngā tauira. Whakamahia ngā ira iti ake mō ngā rauemi angiangi kia kore ai e wera.
Wā tuku: 21 o Ākuhata-2025
