Kua roa te whakamahinga o te whakarewa hihi reera me te whakarewa pewa mō te hanga ahumahi, ā, e āhei ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga i roto i te ao hangarau honohono rauemi. He wāhi motuhake tō ia o ēnei tukanga, e whakaahuatia ana e ngā tukanga ā-tinana o te kawe pūngao ki te wahi mahi me ngā rere pūngao ka taea te whiwhi. Ka tukuna te pūngao mai i te pūtake hihi reera ki te rauemi hei tukatuka mā te whakamahi i te hihi honohono infrared pūngao-teitei, mā te whakamahi i te taura muka-whatu. Ka tukuna e te pewa te wera e hiahiatia ana mō te whakarewa mā te whakamahi i te iahiko hiko teitei e rere ana ki te wahi mahi mā te pou pewa. Ka arahina e te hihi reera ki tētahi rohe whaiti rawa e pāngia ana e te wera me te ōwehenga nui o te hohonutanga whakarewa ki te whānui o te tuitui (pānga whakarewa hohonu). He tino iti te kaha o te tukanga whakarewa reera ki te hono āputa, nā te iti o te diameter arotahi, engari i tētahi atu taha ka taea e ia te eke ki ngā tere whakarewa tino teitei. He iti ake te kiato pūngao o te tukanga whakarewa pewa, engari ka nui ake te wāhi arotahi i runga i te mata o te wahi mahi, ā, he puhoi ake te tere tukatuka. Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei tukanga e rua, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā mahi tahi whai hua. Hei whakamutunga, mā tēnei ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā painga kounga me ngā painga hangarau-whakaputa, tae atu ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te utu. He pai, he ātaahua hoki ngā tono o tēnei tukanga, i roto i te umanga motuka, nā te mea ka whakaaetia ngā ātete teitei ake ki ngā whakarewa, ka taea te tere hononga teitei ake, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā tawhā miihini/hangarau tino pai.
1. Kupu Whakataki:
Mai anō i te tekau tau atu i 1970, kua mōhiotia te huarahi hei whakakotahi i te mārama o te rēseri me te pewa hei tukanga whakarewa honohono, engari mō te wā roa i muri mai, kāore i mahia he mahi whanaketanga anō. Nō nā tata nei, kua tahuri anō ngā kairangahau ki tēnei kaupapa, ā, kua ngana ki te whakakotahi i ngā painga o te pewa me ērā o te rēseri, i roto i te tukanga whakarewa ranu. I ngā rā o mua, me whakaatu tonu ngā pūtake rēseri i tō rātou pai mō te whakamahinga ahumahi, i ēnei rā he taputapu hangarau paerewa i roto i te maha o ngā umanga hanga.
Ko te whakakotahitanga o te whakarewa taiaho me tētahi atu tukanga whakarewa ka kiia he "tukanga whakarewa ranu". Ko te tikanga ka mahi tahi te hihi taiaho me te pewa i roto i te rohe whakarewa kotahi, ā, ka awe, ka tautoko tetahi i tetahi.
2. Reera:
Ehara i te mea ko te kaha nui o te hihi laser anake e hiahiatia ana mō te whakarewanga taiaho, engari me te hihi kounga teitei hoki hei whakatutuki i te "pānga whakarewa hohonu" e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kounga teitei o te hihi hei whakatutuki i te diameter arotahi iti ake, i te tawhiti arotahi nui ake rānei.
Mō ngā kaupapa whanaketanga e haere tonu ana, kei te whakamahia he taiaho totoka e pupuhihia ana e te rama me te mana hihi taiaho o te 4 kW. Ka tukuna te mārama taiaho mā te muka karāhe 600 µm.
Ka tukuna te mārama taiaho mā te muka karāhe, ka whakamataohia te tīmatanga me te mutunga ki te wai. Ka tukuna te hihi taiaho ki runga i te wahi mahi e te wae arotahi me te tawhiti arotahi o te 200 mm.
3. Tukanga Ranu Reera:
Mō te whakarewa i ngā wahi mahi whakarewa, ka arotahihia te hihi laser Nd:YAG ki ngā kaha neke atu i te 106W/cm2. Ina pā te hihi laser ki te mata o te rauemi, ka wera ake tēnei wāhi ki te pāmahana mimiti, ā, ka puta he kōhao mimiti i roto i te whakarewa whakarewa nā te mimiti whakarewa e puta mai ana. Ko te āhuatanga motuhake o te hononga whakarewa ko tōna ōwehenga hohonu-ki-whānui teitei. Ko te kiato rere-pūngao o te pewa mura noa he paku neke atu i te 104 W/cm2. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te kaupapa matua o te whakarewa ranu. Ko te hihi laser
e whakaaturia ana i konei ka whāngai i te wera ki te konganuku whakarewa i te pito o runga o te tuitui, hei tāpiri atu ki te wera mai i te pewa. Kāore i rite ki te whirihoranga raupapa e mahi ana ngā tukanga whakarewa motuhake e rua i te raupapa, ka taea te tiro i te whakarewa ranu hei huinga o ngā tukanga whakarewa e rua e mahi tahi ana i te rohe tukanga kotahi. I runga i te tukanga pewa, te tukanga taiaho rānei e whakamahia ana, me ngā tawhā tukanga, ka rerekē te awe o ngā tukanga tetahi ki tetahi ki tetahi, me ngā huarahi rerekē [1, 2].
Nā te whakakotahitanga o te tukanga taiaho me te tukanga āwhata, ka piki ake te hohonutanga o te urunga whakarewa me te tere o te whakarewa (ki te whakataurite ki tētahi o ngā tukanga e whakamahia ana ko ia anake). Ka hoki whakamuri te mamaoa whakarewa e puta mai ana i te kōhao mamaoa ki te plasma āwhata. Kāore e tino kitea te mimiti o te hihi taiaho Nd:YAG i roto i te plasma tukatuka. I runga i te ōwehenga o ngā tāurunga mana e rua i whiriwhiria, ka taea te whakatau i te āhua o te tukanga whānui ki te nui ake, ki te iti iho rānei, mā te taiaho, mā te āwhata rānei [3,4].
Pikitia 1: Whakaaturanga hoahoa: Whakarewatanga ranu taiaho
He nui te pānga o te pāmahana o te mata o te mea mahi ki te mimiti o te hihi laser. I mua i te tīmatanga o te tukanga whakarewa laser, me whakakore tuatahi te whakaata tuatahi, inā koa i runga i ngā mata konumohe. Ka taea tēnei mā te tīmata whakarewa me tētahi kaupapa tīmatanga motuhake. I muri i te taenga ki te pāmahana mimiti, ka hangaia te kōhao mimiti, ā, ko te mutunga iho ka taea te whakauru tata katoa te kaha hihi ki roto i te mea mahi. Nō reira, ko te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei ka whakatauhia e te mimiti e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pāmahana me te nui o te kaha i ngaro.
mā te kawe hiko ki roto i te toenga o te mea mahi. I roto i te whakarewanga LaserHybrid, ka puta te mimiti ehara i te mea mai i te mata o te mea mahi anake engari mai i te waea whakakī hoki, ko te tikanga he nui ake te mimiti whakarewa e wātea ana, e āwhina ana i te whakaurunga o te hihi laser. Mā tēnei ka ārai hoki i te whakamutu o te tukanga [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
4. Taupānga mō ngā motuka:
Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau anga mokowā, ka taea te whakaiti i te taumaha o te 43% ki te whakaritea ki te tinana waka rino.
Pikitia 2: Te ariā anga mokowā Audi A2
Ko te anga o te Audi A2 Space he 30 m te roa o te Laser (ngā rīpene kōwhai i te ahua 2) me te 20m te roa o te MIG whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, e whakamahia ana hoki he 1700 rivets.
Pikitia 3: Te whakataurite i ngā kōtaha me ngā tikanga honohono i runga i te Audi-A2
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4 i tētahi hononga whakarewa LaserHybrid o tētahi rauemi whakarewa ALMg3 me tētahi rauemi rau AlMgSi. Ko te waea whakakī he AlSi5, ā, ko te hau tiaki he Argon. Mā te kaha ake o te mana o te laser, ka taea te uru hohonu ake. Mā te whakakotahi i te hihi laser me te pewa i tēnei ara ka nui ake te puna whakarewa i tērā o te tukanga whakarewa hihi laser anake. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga he whānui ake ngā āputa.
Pikitia 4: Hononga taupatupatu me te āputa o te 0.5 mm
I roto i te umanga motuka, he maha ngā whakamahinga o te whakarewa taupua me te kore whakarite hononga. I tēnei wā, ko te tukanga hou mō tēnei mahi whakarewa ko te tukanga whakarewa taiaho me te waea whakakī matao, nā te pakaru wera o te koranu AA 6xxx. Ina whakarewahia te hononga ki te waea whakakī, ka ngaro te nuinga o te kaha taiaho hei whakarewa i taua waea whakakī.
Ko te ahua e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te whakarewanga LaserHybrid me te whakarewanga Laser i runga i te hononga taupua me te tere whakarewanga o te 2.4m/min. Mō te whakarewanga laser, kāore he huarahi ki te whakakī i te pīrere whakarewanga, ā, ka puta he tapahi raro. Waihoki, he iti noa te urunga ki roto i te rauemi turanga. He tino iti te whānui o te pīrere whakarewanga, nō reira ka tumanakohia he iti te kaha kume. Mō te whakarewanga LaserHybrid,
Ka haria atu ētahi atu rauemi ki roto i te puna whakarewa. Ka whakakīia te wāhanga o raro ki te waea mai i te tukanga MIG, ā, ka penapenahia tētahi wāhanga o te pūngao taiaho. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei pūngao taiaho kua penapenahia hei whakanui ake i te urunga ki roto i te rauemi turanga, ā, he nui ake te whānui o te pītiti whakarewa i te matotoru o te rauemi, e hiahiatia ana mai i te whakatauira tau.
Pikitia 5 Te Whakataurite i waenga i te Whakarewatanga LaserHybrid me te Whakarewatanga Laser kāore he waea whakakī
Mā te tukanga whakarewa LaserHybrid ka taea te whakarewa i ngā rauemi o te Konumohe, ngā maitai me ngā maitai kore waikura tae atu ki te 4 mm te matotoru. Mēnā he teitei rawa te matotoru, kāore e taea te uru katoa. Mō te hono i ngā rauemi kua pania ki te Konutea, he pai ake te whakamahi i te tukanga whakarewa laser.
Ko ētahi atu tono i roto i ngā motuka ko ngā tereina hiko, ngā toki me ngā tinana motuka, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te tukanga whakarewa ranu taiaho.
Upoko whakarewa:
Me iti ngā āhua o te pane whakarewa, kia pai ai te urunga atu ki ngā wāhanga e whakarewahia ana, inā koa i te mara o te tinana-aunoa. Hei tāpiri, me hoahoa kia taea ai te hono atu ki te pane karetao me te whakarerekētanga o ngā taurangi tukanga pēnei i te tawhiti arotahi me ngā tawhiti tū rama i ngā taunga Cartesian katoa. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5 i te pane whakarewa, i te wā e mahi ana te tukanga. Ko te tauhiuhi e puta ana i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa ka piki ake te paru o te karāhe tiaki. Kua pania te karāhe kuata ki ngā taha e rua ki te rauemi ārai-whakaata, ā, ko te kaupapa he tiaki i te pūnaha whatu taiaho mai i te kino.
I runga i te nui o te paru, ka taea e te tauhiuhi e kohia ana ki runga i te karāhe te whakaiti i te mana o te laser e pā ana ki te mea mahi ki te 90%. Ko te paru nui ka arahi ki te whakangaromanga o te karāhe tiaki, nā te mea he nui te wāhanga o te kaha hihi ka mimitihia e te karāhe tonu, ka puta he ahotea wera i roto i te karāhe. Mā taua pane whakarewa me ngā taputapu whakarewa, ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakarewa LaserHybrid, te whakarewa laser, te whakarewa MSG me ētahi atu.Te whakakā waea wera laser.
Pikitia 6: Te pane whakarewa me te tukanga
5. Ngā Painga o te Whakarewatanga Ranu Taiaho:
Ko ngā painga e whai ake nei ka puta mai i te hanumitanga o te hihi pewa me te hihi laser: Ngā painga o te whakarewanga Taiaho Ranu i runga i te whakarewanga laser:
• te pumau o te tukanga
• te kaha ake o te piriti
• te hohonu o te urunga
• ngā utu haumitanga whakapaipai iti iho
• te ngāwari ake
Ngā painga o te whakarewanga LaserHybrid i runga i te whakarewanga MIG:
• tere whakarewa teitei ake
• te hohonu ake o te urunga i ngā tere whakarewa teitei ake
• te whakaurunga wera iti iho
• kaha kume teitei ake
• ngā hononga whakarewa whaiti ake
Pikitia 7: Ngā painga o te whakakotahi i ngā tukanga e rua
Ko te tukanga whakarewa āwhata he mea e tohuhia ana e te pūtake pūngao iti te utu, te kaha piriti pai, me te āheinga ki te awe i te hanganga mā te tāpiri i ngā konganuku whakakī. Ko ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te tukanga hihi taiaho, i tētahi atu taha, ko te hohonutanga nui o te whakarewa, te tere whakarewa teitei, te kawenga wera iti me ngā hononga whakarewa whaiti e tutuki ana. I runga ake i tētahi kiato hihi, ka puta he "pānga whakarewa hohonu" i roto i ngā rauemi whakarewa e taea ai te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga he matotoru ake te pakitara - mena he nui te kaha taiaho. Nō reira, ka puta he tere whakarewa teitei ake i te whakarewanga Raiaho Ranu, he pumau te tukanga nā te taunekeneke i waenga i te āwhata me te hihi taiaho, he pai ake te whai huatanga wera me te nui ake o ngā manawanui o te wahi mahi. Nā te mea he iti ake te puna whakarewa i te tukanga MIG, he iti ake te whakaurunga wera, ā, he iti ake te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te whakarewanga.
te whakapōturitanga, e whakaiti ana i te nui o ngā mahi whakatikatika i muri i te whakarewanga e tika ana kia mahia.
I ngā wāhi e rua ngā puna whakarewa motuhake, ko te whakaurunga wera o muri mai i te pewa ko te tikanga ka tukuna he maimoatanga whakamahana i muri i te whakarewa ki te hihi taiaho – te wāhi whakarewa – inā koa i roto i te take o te maitai – kia horahia ai ngā uara pakeke kia ōrite puta noa i te hononga. E whakarapopototia ana e te Pikitia 6 ngā painga o te tukanga whakakotahi (arā, te tukanga ranu).
Ināianei, ki ngā painga ōhanga o te whakarewa ranu i runga i te whakarewa rēseri, ka taea te kī i ēnei kōrero: Ko te hononga whakarewa he wāhanga o te whakarewa rēseri me te wāhanga o te whakarewa MIG. Mā te tukanga ranu ka taea te whakaiti i te mana o te hihi rēseri, ko te tikanga ka taea te whakaiti nui i te whakapaunga pūngao o te pūtake rēseri, nā te mea he 3% noa iho te pai o te taputapu hihi rēseri. Arā, ko te whakaiti i te mana o te hihi rēseri e pā ana ki te wāhanga mahi ka arahi ki te whakaiti i te mana e pau ana mai i ngā pūtake hiko tata ki te 35 kVA.
Ko te utu mō tētahi taputapu hihi taiaho he tata ki te EUR 0.1 m mō ia 1 kW ote mana o te hihi laserHei tauira, i roto i tētahi take e taea ai te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu hihi taiaho 2 kW hei utu mō tētahi he 4 kW te mana hihi, ka puta he penapena EUR 0.2 m i roto i ngā whakapaunga haumi. Heoi, me maumahara i konei mō te tukanga ranu, me whakamahi he mīhini MIG e tata ana ki te EUR 20,000 te utu.
Nā te tere whakarewa teitei ake, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā wā hanga me ngā utu whakarewa.
6. Te whakakākahu i te waea wera-Resi:
Ko tētahi atu huarahi hei whakakotahi i te hihi taiaho me te waea whakakī ko te tukanga LaserHotwire [10]. I roto i tēnei tukanga ka whakamahanahia te waea whakakī ki te pūtake hiko kotahi, ka taea te whakamahi mō teTe tukanga whakarewa ranu laser. He kawenga iahiko kei te waea whakakī mai i te 100 A ki te 220 A. Ko te tere whāngai waea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wāhanga whakawhiti o te pīrere whakakī me te tere whakakī. Mā te whakakī ka tukuna he rauemi whakakoi, mā te nui o te konganuku whakakī, ka taea te whakaoti ngāwari atu i ngā hononga whakarewa rite. Mā te whakakī o ngā wāhanga pepa, ka taea te mahi whakatika i tētahi huarahi māmā ake i te āhua o ngā hononga whakarewa. Ko tētahi painga o te whakakī LaserHotwire ko te ātete pai ki te waikura o te rohe whakakī.
Hei konganuku whakakī, ka whakamahia ngā koranu parahi iti te utu pērā i te SG-CuSi3, ā, ka mahi te Ākono hei hau tiaki.
Pikitia 8: Whakaaturanga hoahoaTe whakakā waea wera laser:
E whakaatu ana te pikitia e whai ake nei i te wāhanga whakawhiti o tētahi rauemi kua whakarewahia ki te waea wera taiaho. Ka whakarewahia te rauemi kua pania ki te konutea me te tere o te 3 m/min, ā, ko te kawenga iahiko o te waea whakakī he 205 A. He tino iti te wera e whakaurua ana, nō reira he iti te hē o te tukanga whakarewa.
7. Whakarāpopototanga:
He hangarau hou rawa te whakarewa ranu taiaho e tuku ana i ngā mahi tahi mō ngā momo tono whānui i roto i ngā ahumahi mahi whakarewa, inā koa kāore e taea, e kore rānei e whai hua ā-pūtea ki te whakatutuki i ngā ātete wāhanga e hiahiatia ana mōwhakarewa hihi laserKo te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga me te kaha teitei o te tukanga whakakotahi ka hua ake te whakataetae nui ake i runga i te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga haumi, te poto ake o ngā wā hanga, te iti ake o ngā utu hanga me te teitei ake o te hua.
Kei te tukanga LaserHybrid anō hoki tētahi huarahi hou ki te whakarewa i te konumohe. Heoi, kua taea noa te whakamahi i tētahi tukanga pumau i ngā wā tata nei, nā te kaha whakaputa teitei ake o ngā reera totoka. He maha ngā rangahau kua tirotiro i ngā kaupapa matua o ngā tukanga whakarewa reera-āwhata-ranu. Mā te "tukanga whakarewa ranu", ko te tikanga ko te whakakotahitanga o te whakarewa hihi reera me te tukanga whakarewa awhata, me te rohe tukanga kotahi anake (plasma me te rewa). Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau taketake he taea te tukanga e taea ai - mā te whakakotahi i ngā tukanga e rua - te whakatutuki i ngā mahi tahi me te utu i ngā ngoikoretanga o ia tukanga motuhake, ka hua ake he kaha ake o te whakarewa, te kaha whakarewa me te pono o te whakarewa mō ngā rauemi me ngā hanganga rerekē. Ina koa, kua whakaaturia tēnei mō ngā koranu konumohe. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā tawhā tukanga pai, ka taea te awe i ngā āhuatanga whakarewa pēnei i te āhuahanga me te hanganga hanganga. Ka whakanuia e te tukanga whakarewa awhata te kaha piriti mā te tāpiri i te konganuku whakakī; ka whakatau hoki i te whānui o te whakarewa-tuitui, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o te whakarite i te mea mahi e hiahiatia ana. Heoi anō, ko ngā taunekeneke e puta ana i waenga i ngā tukanga ka hua ake he pikinga nui o te whai huatanga o te tukanga. He iti ake hoki ngā utu haumi e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei tukanga whakakotahi i te tukanga whakarewa taiaho.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te tukanga whakawera waea wera taiaho mō ngā rauemi kua pania ki te konutea kia pai ai te ātete ki te waikura.
Wā tuku: 18 Paenga-whāwhā 2025
