Te Mātāpono o te Whakaputa Taiaho

He aha tātou me mōhio ai ki te kaupapa o ngā taiaho?

Te mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā taiaho haurua-ira noa, ngā muka, ngā kōpae, meTaiaho YAGka āwhina hoki i te mārama ake me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kōrero i te wā o te tukanga kōwhiringa.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te tuhinga ko te pūtaiao rongonui: he kupu whakataki poto ki te mātāpono o te whakaputanga taiaho, te hanganga matua o ngā taiaho, me ētahi momo taiaho noa.

Tuatahi, ko te kaupapa o te whakaputa laser

Ka puta te taiaho mā te taunekeneke i waenga i te mārama me te matū, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakanui irahiko whakaoho; Hei mārama ki te whakanui irahiko whakaoho me mārama ki ngā ariā a Einstein mō te tukunga ohorere, te mimiti whakaoho, me te irahiko whakaoho, me ētahi kaupapa ariā e tika ana.

Pūtake Ariā 1: Tauira Bohr

Ko te tauira Bohr te nuinga e whakarato ana i te hanganga ā-roto o ngā ngota, kia māmā ai te mārama ki te āhua o te puta o ngā taiaho. He karihi me ngā irahiko kei waho o te karihi te hanganga o te ngota, ā, ehara i te mea he mea noa ngā porowhita o ngā irahiko. He iti noa ngā porowhita o ngā irahiko, ko te porowhita o roto rawa e kiia ana ko te āhua whenua; ki te mea kei roto te irahiko i te āhua whenua, ko tōna pūngao te mea iti rawa. ki te peke atu te irahiko i te porowhita, ka kiia ko te āhua whakahihiri tuatahi, ā, ka teitei ake te pūngao o te āhua whakahihiri tuatahi i te āhua whenua; ko tētahi atu porowhita ka kiia ko te āhua whakahihiri tuarua;

Ko te take e puta ai te taiaho he mea ka neke ngā irahiko i roto i ngā porowhita rerekē i roto i tēnei tauira. Mena ka mimitihia e ngā irahiko te pūngao, ka taea e rātou te rere mai i te āhua whenua ki te āhua whakahihiri; ki te hoki mai te irahiko mai i te āhua whakahihiri ki te āhua whenua, ka tukuna te pūngao, ka tukuna pinepinetia i roto i te āhua o te taiaho.

Pūtake Ariā 2: Te Ariā Irahiko Whakaohooho a Einstein

I te tau 1917, i whakaarohia e Einstein te ariā o te irahiko whakaohooho, koinei te pūtake ariā mō ngā reera me te whakaputa reera: ko te mimiti, ko te tukunga rānei o te matū he hua o te taunekeneke i waenga i te mara irahiko me ngā matūriki e hanga ana i te matū, ā, ko tōna uho matua ko te whakawhiti o ngā matūriki i waenga i ngā taumata pūngao rerekē. E toru ngā tukanga rerekē i roto i te taunekeneke i waenga i te mārama me te matū: te tukunga ohorere, te tukunga whakaohooho, me te mimiti whakaohooho. Mō tētahi pūnaha kei roto he maha o ngā matūriki, ka noho tahi tonu ēnei tukanga e toru, ā, he tata te hononga.

Tukunga ā-pūtake:

E ai ki te pikitia: ka neke noa atu tētahi irahiko i te taumata pūngao teitei E2 ki te taumata pūngao iti E1, ka tukuna he photon me te pūngao o hv, me hv=E2-E1; ka kiia tēnei tukanga whakawhiti noa, kāore e pā ana, he whakawhiti noa iho, he whakawhiti noa iho, ā, ko ngā ngaru mārama e tukuna ana e ngā whakawhiti noa iho ka kiia he irahiko noa iho.

Ngā āhuatanga o te tukunga ohorere: He motuhake ia photon, he rerekē ngā ahunga me ngā āhua, ā, he matapōkere hoki te wā puta. Nō te mārama koretake, pōrearea hoki, ehara i te mārama e hiahiatia ana e te laser. Nō reira, me whakaiti te tukanga whakaputa laser i tēnei momo mārama kotiti. Koinei anō tētahi o ngā take he mārama kotiti te roanga ngaru o ngā laser rerekē. Ki te whakahaeretia pai, ka taea te wareware i te ōwehenga o te tukunga ohorere i roto i te laser. Ko te parakore o te laser, pērā i te 1060 nm, he 1060 nm katoa. He pumau te tere mimiti me te kaha o tēnei momo laser.

Te mimiti whakaohooho:

I muri i te mimiti i ngā photon, ka neke ngā irahiko i ngā taumata pūngao iti (ngā orbital iti), ki ngā taumata pūngao teitei ake (ngā orbital teitei), ā, ka kiia tēnei tukanga ko te mimiti whakaohooho. He mea nui te mimiti whakaohooho, ā, ko tētahi o ngā tukanga papu matua. Mā te pūtake papu o te taiaho ka whakaratohia te pūngao o te taiaho hei mea i ngā matūriki i roto i te reo whakanui kia neke, kia tatari hoki mō te irahiko whakaohooho i ngā taumata pūngao teitei ake, ka tukuna te taiaho.

Irahiko whakaohooho:

Ina whakamāramahia e te mārama o te pūngao o waho (hv=E2-E1), ka whakaohokia te irahiko i te taumata pūngao teitei e te photon o waho, ka peke ki te taumata pūngao iti (ka rere te porowhita teitei ki te porowhita iti). I taua wā anō, ka tukuna he photon e rite tonu ana ki te photon o waho. Kāore tēnei tukanga e mimiti i te mārama whakaoho taketake, nō reira ka rua ngā photon ōrite, ka taea te mārama i te mea ka ruakina e te irahiko te photon i mimitihia i mua. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga luminescence he irahiko whakaoho, koinei te tukanga whakamuri o te mimiti whakaoho.

Kia mārama te ariā, he tino māmā te hanga i tētahi taiaho, e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia i runga ake nei: i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa o te pumau o ngā rauemi, ko te nuinga o ngā irahiko kei te āhua whenua, ko ngā irahiko kei te āhua whenua, ā, ko te taiaho e whakawhirinaki ana ki te irahiko whakaohooho. Nō reira, ko te hanganga o te taiaho kia tukuna te mimiti whakaohooho kia puta tuatahi, ka kawe i ngā irahiko ki te taumata pūngao teitei, kātahi ka whakarato i te whakaohooho kia puta ai te maha o ngā irahiko taumata pūngao teitei ki te irahiko whakaohooho, ka tukuna ngā photon. Mai i tēnei, ka taea te whakaputa taiaho. Muri iho, ka whakaatuhia e mātou te hanganga taiaho.

Hanganga taiaho:

Tātaitia te hanganga taiaho ki ngā āhuatanga whakaputa taiaho kua whakahuatia ake nei, takitahi:

Te āhua o te putanga mai me te hanganga e rite ana:

1. He reo whakanui kei reira e whakarato ana i te pānga whakanui hei reo mahi taiaho, ā, he hanganga taumata pūngao tō ōna matūriki whakahohe e tika ana mō te whakaputa i te hihi whakaohooho (ka taea te pupuhi i ngā irahiko ki ngā porowhita pūngao-tiketike me te noho mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka tukuna ngā irahiko i roto i te manawa kotahi mā te hihi whakaohooho);

2. He pūtake whakaohooho o waho (pūtake papu) ka taea te papu i ngā irahiko mai i te taumata o raro ki te taumata o runga, ka puta te hurihanga o te maha o ngā matūriki i waenga i ngā taumata o runga me raro o te taiaho (arā, ina he nui ake ngā matūriki kaha-nui i ngā matūriki kaha-iti), pērā i te rama xenon i roto i ngā taiaho YAG;

3. He kōhao whakakoi kei reira ka taea te whakatutuki i te wiri o te taiaho, te whakanui ake i te roa mahi o te rauemi mahi taiaho, te tirotiro i te aratau ngaru mārama, te whakahaere i te ahunga horapa o te hihi, te whakanui ake i te auau irahiko whakaohooho hei whakapai ake i te monochromaticity (me te whakarite kia puta te taiaho i tētahi pūngao).

Kei te pikitia i runga ake nei te hanganga e rite ana, he hanganga māmā noa iho tēnei o te taiaho YAG. Tērā pea he uaua ake ētahi atu hanganga, engari ko te uho tēnei. Kei te pikitia te tukanga whakaputa taiaho:

Whakarōpūtanga taiaho: i te nuinga o te wā ka whakarōpūtia mā te reo whakanui, mā te āhua pūngao taiaho rānei

Whakarōpūtanga waenga whiwhinga:

Taiaho waro hauhāKo te reo whakanui o te taiaho waro hauhā ko te heriuma mete taiaho CO2,me te roangaru taiaho o te 10.6um, koinei tētahi o ngā hua taiaho tuatahi i whakarewaina. Ko te whakarewa taiaho o mua i ahu mai i te taiaho waro hauhā, e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā mō te whakarewa me te tapahi i ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa (kakahu, kirihou, rakau, me ētahi atu). Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki ki ngā mīhini tuhi. Kāore e taea te tuku i te taiaho waro hauhā mā roto i ngā muka whatu, ā, ka haere mā roto i ngā ara whatu ā-wāhi. I tino pai te mahi a te Tongkuai tuatahi, ā, he maha ngā taputapu tapahi i whakamahia;

Rēhia YAG (yttrium konumohe karāneti): Ko ngā tioata YAG kua pania ki te neodymium (Nd) me ngā katote konganuku yttrium (Yb) hei reo whakanui rēhia, me te roangaru tukunga o te 1.06um. Ka taea e te rēhia YAG te whakaputa i ngā pāoro teitei ake, engari he iti te mana toharite, ā, ka taea e te mana tihi te eke ki te 15 ngā wā o te mana toharite. Mena he rēhia pāoro te nuinga, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te putanga tonu; Engari ka taea te tuku mā roto i ngā muka whatu, ā, i te wa ano, ka piki ake te tere mimiti o ngā rauemi konganuku, ā, kua tīmata te whakamahi i roto i ngā rauemi whakaata teitei, tuatahi ka whakamahia i roto i te mara 3C;

Reera muka: Ko te nuinga o te mākete e whakamahi ana i te muka i whakakīia ki te ytterbium hei reo whakanui, me te roanga ngaru o te 1060nm. Ka wehea anō kia rua ngā reera muka me ngā reera kōpae i runga i te āhua o te reo; ko te muka whatu te tohu o te IPG, ko te kōpae te tohu o Tongkuai.

Taiaho Ā-whakahaere: Ko te reo whakanui he hononga PN ā-whakahaere, ā, ko te roanga ngaru o te taiaho ā-whakahaere kei te 976nm te nuinga. I tēnei wā, ko ngā taiaho tata-infrared ā-whakahaere te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te whakakikorua, me ngā ira mārama neke atu i te 600um. Ko Laserline tētahi umanga māngai mō ngā taiaho ā-whakahaere.

Whakarōpūtia e te āhua o te mahi pūngao: Reera pā (PULSE), reera āhua tonu (QCW), reera tonu (CW)

Reera pāorooro: nanohekona, pikohekona, femtohekona, ka taea e tēnei reera pāorooro auau-teitei (ns, whānui pāorooro) te whakatutuki i te kaha tihi teitei, te tukatuka auau teitei (MHZ), e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka i ngā rauemi parahi angiangi me te konumohe rerekē, me te horoi hoki. Mā te whakamahi i te kaha tihi teitei, ka taea te whakarewa tere i te rauemi turanga, me te wā mahi poto me te rohe wera iti. He painga tōna ki te tukatuka i ngā rauemi tino-angiangi (i raro i te 0.5mm);

Reera tonu-āhua (QCW): Nā te tere auau teitei me te huringa mahi iti (i raro i te 50%), ko te whānui o te pā oTaiaho QCWKa eke ki te 50 us-50 ms, ka whakakī i te āputa i waenga i te taiaho muka tonu taumata kilowatt me te taiaho pātere Q-switched; Ka taea e te mana tihi o te taiaho muka tonu āhua te eke ki te 10 ngā wā o te mana toharite i raro i te mahi aratau tonu. Ko ngā taiaho QCW he tikanga e rua ngā momo, ko tētahi he whakarewa tonu i te mana iti, ko tētahi he whakarewa taiaho pātere me te mana tihi o te 10 ngā wā o te mana toharite, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā rauemi matotoru me te whakarewa wera ake, me te whakahaere hoki i te wera i roto i te whānuitanga iti rawa;

Taiaho Tonu (CW): Koinei te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā taiaho e kitea ana i te mākete he taiaho CW e whakaputa tonu ana i te taiaho mō te tukatuka whakarewa. Ka wehea ngā taiaho muka ki ngā taiaho aratau-kotahi me ngā taiaho aratau-maha e ai ki ngā diameter matua me ngā kounga hihi rerekē, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē ki ngā horopaki tono rerekē.