He tikanga honohono tere, he utu iti hoki te whakarewa ira. He pai mō te hono i ngā wāhanga pereti angiangi ki ngā hononga porowhita kāore e hiahiatia he ārai hau. He maha ngā momo whakarewa ira, pērā i te whakarewa ira ātete, te whakarewa ira pewa, te whakarewa ira piri,whakarewa ira hiato, me te whakarewa ira rēseri. I tēnei wā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te whakarewa ira ātete i roto i te hanga. Hei tauira, hei tauira, e 3,000 ki te 4,000 ngā whakarewa e hiahiatia ana i te wā e huihui ana ngā wāhanga o te panera tinana waka, e hiahia ana ki te 250 ki te 300 ngā karetao, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere tautoko me ētahi atu taputapu āwhina. Heoi, he ngoikore te ngāwari o te whakarewa ira ātete. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga ōhanga, kua poto rawa te huringa whakahou o ngā āhua me ngā hanganga ā-ira o ngā wāhanga waka. Ko te whakapai ake i ngā hua me ngā tauira hou e hiahia ana ki tētahi momo hangarau whakarewa ira hou e whai hua ana, e ngāwari ana hoki. Nō reira, kua āta noho te hangarau whakarewa ira rēseri hei arotahi, ā, e tumanakohia ana kia whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te hanga ahumahi waka. I roto i te mara rererangi, kei te whakamatautauria hoki te whakarewa ira rēseri hei hangarau rerekē. Mō te wā roa, kua whakamahia e ngā hononga porowhita o ngā hua rererangi te whakapūmau, e uru ana ki te maha o ngā tukanga hanga me te taumaha o te mahi. Nā te piki haere o te tono o ngā rauemi hou pēnei i te koranu konumohe, te koranu titanium, me ngā rauemi hiato, kua noho te tango i ngā hangarau whakarewa hou hei whakakapi i ngā tikanga honohono tuku iho hei ia o te ao. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputanga anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te taumaha hanganga, ā, ka tutuki hoki i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa hanganga hou, he mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā hua rererangi. Nā te tino tika me te ngāwari o te whakarewa ira laser ka hoatu he painga nui ki a ia i roto i te mahi whakaputa, inā koa i roto i te umanga rererangi, ka taea e ia te whakakapi i ngā tukanga tuku iho pēnei i te whakarewa ira ātete me te whakapūmau.
I. Te Whakamāramatanga me ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakarewatanga Ira Taiaho
Whakamāramatanga
Ko te whakarewa ira taiaho e pā ana ki te tukanga rewa me te hono i ngā wahi mahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi pātara taiaho kotahi (t > 1ms) he raupapa pātara taiaho rānei i te tūranga kotahi.
He rite tonu te whakarewa ira rēhia ki ētahi atu tukanga whakarewa rēhia; ko te rerekētanga anake ko te kore o te nekehanga whanaunga i waenga i te hihi rēhia me te mea mahi i te wā whakarewa ira. E rua ngā momo whakarewa ira rēhia: te whakarewa kawe wera me te whakarewa poka kī. I roto i te whakarewa ira kawe wera, ka taea e te rēhia te whakarewa te whakarewa me te kore e mimiti. He pai ake tēnei tikanga mō te whakarewa i ngā konganuku he iti iho i te 0.5mm te matotoru, pērā i te whakarewa ira rēhia Nd:YAG o ngā wāhanga hiko. I roto i te whakarewa ira rēhia poka kī, ka taea e te rēhia te tomo tika ki roto o te rauemi mā te poka kī, ka whakanui ake i te tere whakamahinga o te kaha rēhia me te whakatutuki i te hohonutanga nui ake. Ka whakarewahia e te whakarewa ira ātete tuku iho ngā mea mahi hei hanga ira whakarewa mā te whakamahi i te wera ātete i hangaia e te iahiko hiko, ko te pūtake wera o te whakarewa ira rēhia mai i te hihi rēhia, ka hua ake he āhua ira whakarewa rerekē.
Ko ngā tawhā whakarerekētanga o te whakarewa ira taiaho ko te mana taiaho, te wā whakarewa ira, me te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi. Mō te whakarewa ira mā te whakamahi i te aratau pā, kei roto hoki i ngā tawhā te āhua ngaru pā, te auau, me te huringa mahi. I roto i ēnei, ko te mana taiaho te mea nui e pā ana ki te hohonutanga o te wāhi whakarewa, ko te wā whakarewa ira he nui ake te pānga ki te rahi taha o te wāhi whakarewa. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te roa o te wā mahi taiaho, ko te nui ake o te rahi o ngā mata o runga me raro o te wāhi whakarewa me te rahi o te mata hanumi. Ko ngā huringa o te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi ka pā ki te whānui o te wāhi me te mātotoru o te kaha e pā ana ki te mata o te mea mahi, ā, he pānga nui ki te āhua whānui o te wāhi whakarewa.
Ngā Āhuatanga
- Mā te whakamahi i te taiaho hei pūtake wera, ka tere te whakarewa ira, ka tino tika, ka iti te wera e tomo mai ana, ā, ka iti te rerekētanga o ngā wāhanga mahi.
- Kua tino whakapaitia te nui o te herekoretanga i roto i ngā tūranga whakarewa ira, e āhei ai te whakarewa ira ira i ngā tūranga katoa, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakatutuki.te whakarewa ira taha kotahi, nō reira ka tino whakarei ake i te mana motuhake o te hoahoa hua.
- He iti noa ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi o ngā hononga piko i roto i te whakarewa ira taiaho. He iti noa ngā here mō ngā tawhā pēnei i te nui o ngā hononga piko me te tawhiti i waenga i ngā wāhi whakarewa, ā, kāore he take e whakaarohia ai te pānga o te whakawhiti iahiko.
- Mō te whakarewa i ngā pereti matotoru kore ōrite, ngā rauemi rerekē, me ngā rauemi motuhake (ngā koranu konumohe, ngā pepa piauau), he pai ake te mahi a te whakarewa ira taiaho i ngā tikanga whakarewa ira tuku iho.
- Kāore e hiahiatia he maha o ngā taputapu āwhina, ka taea te urutau wawe ki ngā huringa hua, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mākete.
II. Te Tātaritanga Hapa o te Whakarewatanga Ira Taiaho
Ko ngā kapiti, ngā pūwero, me te heke haere o ngā mea koha e tino kitea ana i roto i te whakarewa ira taiaho, ā, ka tātarihia takitahitia ēnei i raro nei.
1. Ngā kapiti
Ka wehea ngā kapiti ki ngā kapiti mata me ngā kapiti roa. He tino tere te tere o te whakamahana me te whakamatao i te wā e whakamahia ana te whakarewa ira laser, ka hua ake he pikinga pāmahana nui i waenga i te wāhi wera me te konganuku e karapoti ana, ka tere ai te hanga kapiti. He hononga tata te putanga mai o ngā kapiti ki te rauemi; hei tauira, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā koranu konumohe ki te pakaru i te wā e whakamahia ana te whakarewa ira laser i te kowiri tira. Ko tētahi tikanga whai hua hei pehi i te hanganga kapiti ko te arotau i te āhua o te ngaru pao hei whakahaere i te tere whakamatao o te tukanga whakapakeketanga konganuku me te whakaiti i te ahotea o roto.
2. Ngā Pūwero
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā hapa pūwero (pūwero) i roto i ngā whakarewa ira-reima ki ngā pūwero iti me ngā pūwero nui. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūwero iti e puta mai ana i te hekenga o te wairewa o te hauwai i roto i te konganuku wai i te wā e totoka ana te konganuku, me te tere o te mimiti o te konganuku i roto i te kōhao kī me te raruraru o te puna rewa. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūwero nui e puta mai ana i te tere whakamatao tere rawa i te wā e whakarewa ana ira-reima, e kore ai e ranea te wā mō te konganuku huri noa i te kōhao kī ki te whakakī anō. I te nuinga o te wā, ka ngāwari te hanga o ngā pūwero iti i roto i te whakarewa ira-pānga roa, engari ko ngā pūwero nui ka tūpono ki te puta i roto i te whakarewa ira-pānga poto.
E rua ngā wāhi e tino kitea ai ngā pūwero i roto i te whakarewa ira laser: ko tētahi kei te taha o te rohe hanumi i waenganui o te wāhi hanumi, ko tētahi kei te pūtake o te whakarewa. E whakaatu ana ngā whakaahua rewa i tangohia e te hihi-X ko ngā pūwero e tata ana ki te rohe hanumi ka puta mai i te kaki i te wā e kati ana te kōhao kī; mō ngā pūwero i te pūtake hanumi, ka puta mai i te hinganga o te kōhao kī nā te tere o te ngaronga o te laser i muri i te hanganga o te kōhao kī.
3. Te whakaheke
He āhuatanga kitea te hekenga o te whakarewa ira i roto i te whakarewa ira laser. Ko te hekenga o waenganui i runga i te mata ira whakarewa me te kohikohinga o te konganuku i te taha, nā te kaha hokihoki i puta mai i te mimiti o te konganuku e pana ana i te konganuku wai ki te mata ira whakarewa. I te wā whakamatao, ka tere te totoka o te konganuku kua kohikohia i runga i te mata, ā, kāore e taea te whakakī katoa. Hei tāpiri, ko te ngaronga o ngā rauemi i puta mai i te mimiti tere o te konganuku me te tauhiuhi, he mea anō e whai wāhi ana ki te hekenga o waenganui. He pānga nui te wā pā ki te hekenga o te mata ira whakarewa me te hanganga o ngā pūwero. Ka taea te whiwhi i ngā ira whakarewa pai mā te arotau i te āhua o te ngaru pā me te wā.
4. Te Pānga o te Nuinga o te Whakakore Arotahi ki ngā Wāhi Whakarewa
Ka whakarerekē tika ngā panonitanga o te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi i te whānui o te ira me te mātotoru o te kaha. Ina piki ake te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi i ngā taha kino me ngā taha pai, ko te tikanga ka piki ake te whānui o te ira, ā, ka heke te mātotoru o te kaha. I te wā e whakarewa ana i te ira laser, he whanaungatanga ōrite kei waenganui i te whānui o te ira me te rahi o te kōhao kī tuatahi i hangaia e te pānga laser ki te wahi whakamātautau, ko te mātotoru o te kaha te mea e whakatau ana i te tere whānui o te puna rewa. Ina iti te uara tuturu o te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi, he iti te whānui o te ira laser, he teitei te mātotoru o te kaha laser, ā, he tere te tere whānui o te puna rewa o te ira whakarewa, engari he iti te whānui o te kōhao kī tuatahi. Engari, ina nui te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi, he nui te whānui o te kōhao kī tuatahi, engari ka puhoi te tere whānui o te puna rewa, ā, kāore pea te rahi o te ira whakarewa e nui. Nō reira, i te wā e whakarerekē ana i te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi, ko te pānga whānui o te whānui o te ira me te mātotoru o te kaha o te mata o te ira whakarewa te mea e whakatau ana i te rahi o te ira whakarewa.
III. Te Whakamahinga o te Hangarau Whakarewa Ira Taiaho
He tere te tere o te whakarewa irahiko, he hohonu te urunga, he iti te rerekētanga, ā, ka taea te mahi i te pāmahana rūma, i raro rānei i ngā āhuatanga motuhake me ngā taputapu whakarewa ngāwari. Hei tāpiri, nā te putanga mai o ngā reera pāorooro auau-teitei (me te auau neke atu i te 40 pāorooro ia hekona) kua taea ai te whakamahi whānui o te whakarewa irahiko irahiko i roto i te huihuinga me te whakarewa o ngā wāhanga iti me ngā wāhanga iti i roto i te hanga aunoa papatipu. I te wā e whakarewa ana i ngā wāhanga hiko iti e hiahia ana ki tētahi rohe iti e pāngia ana e te wera—pērā i te hononga i waenga i te karāhe me te konganuku, te hononga o ngā hononga i roto i ngā ara iahiko haurua-tairongo wera, me te hononga i waenga i ngā konganuku rerekē i roto i ngā waea—he pai ake te whakarewa irahiko irahiko i ngā tukanga whakarewa irahiko tuku iho (hei tauira, te whakarewa irahiko ātete), me ngā irahiko whakarewa kore-parahanga me te kounga whakarewa teitei. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 6-60 i tētahi tauira whakamahinga o te whakarewa irahiko irahiko i roto i te hanga rama motuka: ka whakaputahia e te reera pāorooro totoka 500W ētahi irahiko whakarewa rite tonu me te auau pāorooro tino teitei.
Ina whakamahia te pūngao pao teitei hei whakarewa i ngā hanganga moroiti, he pai ngā painga hangarau me ngā painga ōhanga o ngā taiaho Nd:YAG pao. I te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga whakarewa ira ahumahi, ka whakamahia ngā taiaho totoka pao me te mana toharite o te 50W me te mana pao > 2kW. Ka taea e te taiaho te mahi tika ki te mea mahi mā roto i ngā muka whatu, i ngā karāhe arotahi whakakotahi rānei.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakarewa ira-ā-ira ki te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi. Hei tauira, i te whakarewa ira-ā-ira i ngā pākahiko Li, mā te whakamahi i te Nd:Hangarau whakarewa ira YAG laserHe pai ake te hono i ngā konganuku rerekē i te whakarewa TIG me te whakarewa ātete ira. Ina koa, nā te mea ka whakamahia ngā muka whatu hei tuku i ngā taiaho i te wā e whakaputa ana, he watea te neke tere me te ngāwari i waenga i ngā papa mahi rerekē.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā āhuatanga o te whakarewa ira laser e whai ake nei:
- I te pikinga ake o te mana o te taiaho, ka piki haere te whānui o te mata o te ira whakarewa, ā, ka āta piki haere te whānui o te mata hanumi me te mata o raro. Kāore e kitea te panonitanga o te āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga o te ira whakarewa. I te pikinga ake o te roanga, ka tere te piki haere o te rahi o te ira whakarewa, ā, ka nui ake te tere panonitanga o te whānui o te mata hanumi i te whānui o te mata o runga me raro. He pānga nui te panonitanga o te nui o te whakakorenga arotahi ki te rahi o te ira whakarewa. Ka whakarerekē tika i te whānui o te ira me te mātotoru o te mana taiaho, ā, ko te pānga whānui o ēnei āhuatanga e rua ka whakatau i te rahi o te ira whakarewa.
- Mēnā ka uru katoa, ka kitea te piko haere o te mata o te whakarewa ira laser. I te pikinga ake o te kaha me te roa o te laser, ka piki ake te hohonutanga o te piko haere o te mata o te whakarewa. Mēnā he nui te roa, te rahi rānei o te āputa, ka kitea pea te kōpiko o te mata o raro.
- I te piki haere o te āputa, ka kitea te rerekētanga whānui o te wāhi whakarewa, te hekenga o waenganui, me te kōpiko. Ka mimiti te mata hanumi, ā, ka tere te heke o te kaha. I tēnei wā, i roto i te whakarewa o ngā ātete, ngā pākahiko, me te ao hikohiko, ko te tukanga whakarewa i ngā wāhi e rua i te wā kotahi te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e whakamahi ana i tētahi hoahoa me ngā pūtake mārama taiaho e rua.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-27-2025
