I ngā tau tata nei, kua noho te horoi taiaho hei tētahi o ngā wāhi rangahau matua i roto i te ao hanga ahumahi, e kapi ana te rangahau i te tukanga, te ariā, ngā taputapu me ngā tono. I roto i ngā tono ahumahi, kua taea e te hangarau horoi taiaho te horoi pono i te tini o ngā mata papa rerekē, te horoi i ngā mea tae atu ki te maitai, te konumohe, te titanium, te karāhe me ngā rauemi hiato, me ētahi atu, ngā ahumahi tono e kapi ana i te rererangi, te rererangi, te kaipuke, te tereina tere-nui, te motuka, te pokepokea ai, te mana karihi me te moana me ētahi atu mara.
Ko te hangarau horoi taiaho, i ahu mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960, he pai te horoi, he whānui ngā whakamahinga, he tino tika, he kore-pā, he ngāwari hoki te urutau. I roto i te ahumahi hanga, te whakaputa me te tiaki me ētahi atu mara, he whānui ngā tono ka taea te whakamahi, ā, e tika ana kia whakakapia katoatia ngā tikanga horoi tuku iho, ā, ka noho hei hangarau horoi matomato tino whai hua i te rautau 21.
Tikanga horoi taiaho
He tino uaua te tukanga horoi taiaho, e uru ana ki ngā momo tikanga tango rauemi. Mō te tikanga horoi taiaho, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo tikanga i te wa kotahi, ko te nuinga o tēnei tukanga he taunekeneke i waenga i te taiaho me te rauemi, tae atu ki te tango i te mata o te rauemi, te pirau, te ionization, te whakahekenga, te rewa, te tahu, te mimiti, te wiri, te pupuhi, te whānui, te whakaiti, te pahū, te kiri, te whakaheke me ētahi atu huringa ā-tinana me te matū.
I tēnei wā, e toru ngā tikanga matua mō te horoi i te taiaho: te horoi ā-taiaho, te horoi i te taiaho mā te kiriata wai, me te horoi i te ngaru ru taiaho.
Tikanga horoi ablation laser
Ko ngā tikanga matua o te tikanga ko te whakawhanuitanga wera, te mimiti, te tango me te pahūtanga ā-wāhanga. Ka mahi tika te taiaho ki te rauemi e tangohia ana mai i te mata o te papa, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga o te taiao he hau, he hau kua whakawhāitihia, he korehau rānei. He māmā noa ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei tango i ngā momo paninga, peita, matūriki, paru rānei. Kei te whakaatu te hoahoa i raro nei i te hoahoa tukanga mō te tikanga horoi tango taiaho.
Ina pāngia te mata o te rauemi e te hihi laser, ko te papa me ngā rauemi horoi te tuatahi o te whakawhanuitanga wera. I te pikinga o te wā taunekeneke laser me te rauemi horoi, mena he iti iho te pāmahana i te paepae cavitation o te rauemi horoi, ka huri noa te tukanga tinana o te rauemi horoi, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tauwehenga whakawhanuitanga wera o te rauemi horoi me te papa ka arahi ki te pēhanga i te atanga, ka piko te rauemi horoi, ka haehae mai i te mata o te papa, ka pakaru, ka whati miihini, ka kuru te wiri, ka tangohia te rauemi horoi mā te jet, ka tangohia rānei te mata o te papa.
Mena he teitei ake te pāmahana i te paepae whakapūhautanga o te rauemi horoi, ka rua ngā āhuatanga: 1) he iti iho te paepae whakapūhautanga o te rauemi horoi i te papa; 2) he nui ake te paepae whakapūhautanga o te rauemi horoi i te papa.
Ko ēnei āhuatanga e rua o ngā rauemi horoi ko te rewa, te cavitation me te ablation me ētahi atu huringa ā-tinana me te matū, he uaua ake te tikanga horoi, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā pānga wera, engari ka uru atu pea ki te pakaru o te here ngota i waenga i ngā rauemi horoi me ngā papa, te pirau, te whakahekenga rānei o ngā rauemi horoi, te pahūtanga o te wāhanga, te hauhanga o ngā rauemi horoi, te ionization inamata, te whakaputanga o te plasma.
(1)Te horoi laser āwhina kiriata wai
Ko te tikanga o te tikanga he mimiti wai, he wiri hoki. Mā te whakamahi i te hiahia ki te whiriwhiri i te roangaru taiaho e tika ana, hei whakakapi i te korenga o te pēhanga pānga i roto i te tukanga horoinga taiaho, ka taea te whakamahi hei tango i ētahi o ngā mea horoi uaua ake.
E ai ki te pikitia i raro nei, ka hipokina te kiriata wai (wai, etanoru, wai rānei) ki te mata o te mea horoi, kātahi ka whakamahia te taiaho hei whakamārama. Ka mimiti te kiriata wai i te kaha taiaho, ka puta he pahūtanga kaha o ngā wai, ka pahū te wai kohua i roto i te nekehanga tere-teitei, ka whakawhiti te kaha ki ngā rauemi horoi mata, he nui te kaha pahūtanga tauwhiro hei tango i te paru mata hei whakatutuki i ngā kaupapa horoi.
E rua ngā ngoikoretanga o te tikanga horoi taiaho āwhina-kiriata wai.
He tukanga uaua, he uaua hoki ki te whakahaere.
Nā te whakamahinga o te kiriata wai, he ngāwari te whakarerekē i te hanganga matū o te mata o te papa i muri i te horoinga, ā, ka puta he matū hou.
(1)Tikanga horoi momo ngaru ru taiaho
He rerekē rawa te huarahi me te tikanga o te tukanga i ngā mea tuatahi e rua, ko te tikanga matua ko te tango i te kaha o te ngaru ru, ko ngā mea horoi he matūriki te nuinga, ko te nuinga ko te tango i ngā matūriki (iti-micron, nanoscale rānei). He tino pakari ngā whakaritenga tukanga, kia taea ai te whaka-ionize i te hau, kia mau tonu hoki te tawhiti i waenga i te taiaho me te papa kia nui ai te kaha pānga ki ngā matūriki.
Kei raro nei te kauwhata o te tukanga horoi ngaru ru taiaho, ka whakarara te taiaho ki te ahunga o te mata o te papa, ā, kāore te papa e pa atu. Nekehia te pane o te papa, te pane taiaho rānei, kia whakatikatikahia te arotahi taiaho ki te matūriki e tata ana ki te putanga taiaho, ka puta te āhuatanga whakakoi hau i te pūwāhi arotahi, ka hua ake he ngaru ru, ka tere te horapa o te porowhita o ngā ngaru ru, ā, ka toro atu ki te pa atu ki ngā matūriki. Ina nui ake te wā o te wāhanga whakawhiti o te ngaru ru i te wā o te wāhanga roa me te kaha piri o te matūriki, ka tangohia te matūriki mā te hurihuri.
Hangarau horoi taiaho
Ko te tikanga horoi taiaho e hangai ana ki te mata o te mea i muri i te mimiti o te kaha taiaho, te mimiti me te mimiti rānei, te whakawhānui wera tere rānei hei wikitoria i te mimiti o ngā matūriki i runga i te mata, kia tangohia ai te mea mai i te mata, kātahi ka tutuki te kaupapa o te horoi.
He whakarāpopototanga pēnei: 1. te pirau o te kohu taiaho, 2. te tango i te taiaho, 3. te whānui wera o ngā matūriki paru, 4. te wiri o te mata o te papa me te wiri o te matūriki e whā ngā āhuatanga
Ki te whakatauritea ki te tukanga horoi tuku iho, ko ngā āhuatanga o te hangarau horoi taiaho e whai ake nei.
1. He horoi "maroke", kāore he wai horoi, kāore hoki he wai matū kē atu, ā, he nui ake te ma i te tukanga horoi matū.
2. He whānui rawa te whānuitanga o te tango paru me te whānuitanga o te papa e tika ana, ā,
3. Mā te whakahaere i ngā tawhā tukanga taiaho, kāore e taea te kino i te mata o te papa i runga i te tango whai hua o ngā poke, he pai te mata me te mea hou.
4. Ka taea te whakahaere aunoa i te horoi taiaho.
5. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakakore poke taiaho mō te wā roa, he iti hoki ngā utu whakahaere.
6. Ko te hangarau horoi taiaho he: kakariki: he tukanga horoi, he paura totoka te whakakore i ngā para, he iti te rahi, he ngāwari ki te penapena, ā, kāore e whakapokea te taiao.
I ngā tau 1980, ko te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga semiconductor i runga i te mata o te kopare silicon wafer i whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō ngā matūriki poke o te hangarau horoi, ko te kaupapa matua ko te wikitoria i te poke o ngā matūriki moroiti me te papa i waenga i te kaha adsorption nui, ko te horoi matū tuku iho, te horoi miihini, me ngā tikanga horoi ultrasonic kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te tono, ā, ka taea e te horoi laser te whakaoti i aua raruraru poke, kua tere te whakawhanake i ngā rangahau me ngā tono e pā ana.
I te tau 1987, i puta tuatahi mai te tono patent mō te horoi laser. I ngā tau 1990, i angitu te whakamahi a Zapka i te hangarau horoi laser ki te tukanga hanga semiconductor hei tango i ngā matūriki moroiti mai i te mata o te kopare, ā, i tutuki ai te whakamahinga wawe o te hangarau horoi laser i roto i te mara ahumahi. I te tau 1995, i whakamahia e ngā kairangahau he laser TEA-CO2 2 kW hei whakatutuki angitu i te horoinga o te peita o te tinana o te waka rererangi.
I muri i te urunga ki te rautau 21, me te whanaketanga tere o ngā taiaho poto-poto, ka piki haere te rangahau me te tono o te hangarau horoi taiaho ā-rohe me tāwāhi, me te arotahi ki te mata o ngā rauemi whakarewa, ko ngā tono noa ki tāwāhi ko te tango peita o te tinana rererangi, te tango hinu i te mata pokepokea ai, te tango waro ā-roto o te miihini me te horoi mata o ngā hononga i mua i te whakarewa. Ko te horoi taiaho o te waka rererangi FG16 i te US Edison Welding Institute, i te wā e 1 kW te mana taiaho, ko te rōrahi horoi he 2.36 cm3 ia meneti.
He mea tika kia whakahuatia ko te rangahau me te tono tango peita taiaho o ngā wāhanga hiato matatau he wāhi nui hoki. Ko ngā mata poroporo HG53 o te US Navy, HG56 me te hiku papatahi o te waka rererangi whawhai F16 me ētahi atu mata hiato kua whakatinanahia hei tono tango peita taiaho, ko ngā rauemi hiato o Haina i roto i ngā tono waka rererangi he mea tomuri, nō reira ko taua rangahau he mea takoto kau noa iho.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau horoi taiaho ki te maimoatanga mata hiato CFRP o te hononga i mua i te whakapiri hei whakapai ake i te kaha o te hononga tētahi o ngā arotahi rangahau o nāianei. Kei te urutau te kamupene taiaho ki te raina whakaputa waka Audi TT ki te whakarato taputapu horoi taiaho muka hei horoi i te mata o te kiriata waikura anga tatau konumohe māmā. I whakamahia e Rolls G Royce UK te horoi taiaho hei horoi i te kiriata waikura i runga i te mata o ngā wāhanga miihini aero titanium.
Kua tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau horoi taiaho i ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, ahakoa ko ngā tawhā tukanga horoi taiaho me te tikanga horoi, te rangahau horoi taonga, te tono rangahau rānei kua tino ahu whakamua. Whai muri i te maha o ngā rangahau ariā, ko te arotahi o tana rangahau ko te tono rangahau, ā, i roto i te tono hua pai. I te heke mai, ka whānui ake te whakamahinga o te hangarau horoi taiaho hei tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho me ngā mahi toi, ā, he whānui rawa te mākete. I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te tino tutuki te tono o te hangarau horoi taiaho i roto i te ahumahi, ā, kei te whānui haere te whānuitanga o te tono.
E 14 tau te roa o te kamupene aunoatanga taiaho Maven e arotahi ana ki te umanga taiaho, he tohunga mātou ki te tohu taiaho, kei a mātou he mīhini horoi taiaho kāpata, he mīhini horoi taiaho pouaka trolley, he mīhini horoi taiaho peketua me te mīhini horoi taiaho toru-i-te-kotahi, hei tāpiri, kei a mātou anō he mīhini whakarewa taiaho, he mīhini tapahi taiaho me te mīhini whakairo tohu taiaho, ki te hiahia koe ki tā mātou mīhini, ka taea e koe te whai i a mātou me te whakapā mai.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 14-2022
