Te Whakarewatanga Hiko Reera, me ōna āhuatanga tere, tino tika, me te kore-pā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara pēnei i ngā motuka, te rererangi, me ngā taputapu hiko, inā koa e whakaatu ana i ngā painga ahurei i roto i te hononga o ngā rauemi rerekē. Heoi, ko ngā kapiti totoka (Solidification Cracking) i puta i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa tetahi o ngā hapa matua e aukati ana i tana tono ahumahi. Ko ēnei kapiti ka puta i te mutunga o te totoka i roto i te rohe hanumi (Fusion Zone), i whakaohohia e ngā pānga whakakotahi o te ahotea wera, te whakaheke totoka me te kiriata wai i runga i ngā rohe kōhatu, ka whakaiti nui i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te roa o te ngenge o te hononga.
1. Tikanga hanganga
Ko te tikanga matua o ngā kapiti whakapakeketanga kei roto i te kiriata wai toenga i ngā rohe o te kōpaka i te mutunga o te whakapakeketanga. I te wā o te tukanga whakapakeketanga, ka wehea te puna rewa ki ngā rohe e toru: te rohe wai kore utu, te rohe wai here, me te rohe totoka, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1. I roto i te rohe wai here, ka āraia te rere o te wai, ā, kāore e taea te utu mō te taumahatanga i puta mai i te whakahekenga whakapakeketanga, ka hua ake te wehenga o te rohe kōpaka. Ko te ōwehenga o te kaha rohe kōpaka (γgb) ki te kaha hononga totoka-wai (γsl) e whakatau ana i te pumau o te kiriata wai: ki te iti ake te γgb i te 2γsl, he kore pumau te kiriata wai, ā, ka puta te hononga kōpaka; i tetahi atu taha, he pumau te kiriata wai, ā, he ngāwari te tīmatanga o te kapiti.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, e pā ana hoki te hanganga o ngā kapiti totoka ki ngā āhuatanga whakarewa o ngā rauemi. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga totoka o ia rauemi, pērā i te awhe pāmahana o te totoka, te tere whakaheke totoka, me te tohatoha o ngā huānga koranu, me ētahi atu. Ka pāngia e ēnei āhuatanga te aro o ngā kapiti. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā rauemi kei roto he nui ngā wāhanga eutectic iti-ira-rewa, he teitei ake te aro o ngā kapiti totoka nā te mea he ngāwari ēnei wāhanga eutectic ki te hanga kiriata wai tonu i te wā totoka, ā, ka kaha ake te hanganga o ngā kapiti.
I roto i tetukanga whakarewa laser, ko ngā tawhā whakarewa pēnei i te mana o te taiaho, te tere whakarewa, me te rahi o te ira ka pā ki te hanganga o ngā kapiti totoka. Ka pā ēnei tawhā ki te whakaurunga wera me te pikinga pāmahana i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa, ā, ka whakarerekē i te hanganga totoka me te āhua o te witi. Hei tauira, ko te mana taiaho teitei ake me te tere whakarewa iti ake ka hua ake he whakaurunga wera nui ake me te tere whakamatao puhoi ake, e whakatairanga ana i te tipu o ngā tioata poutū me te whakanui ake i te aro ki te kapiti. I tetahi atu taha, ko te mana taiaho iti ake me te tere whakarewa teitei ake ka hua ake he whakaurunga wera iti ake me te tere whakamatao tere ake, e whakahaere ana i te hanganga o ngā tioata ōrite me te whakaiti i te aro ki te kapiti.
2. Ngā mahi pehi
Hei pehi whai hua i ngā kapiti totoka i roto iwhakarewa laser, kua whakaarohia e ngā kairangahau ngā rautaki maha, e aro nui ana ki te whakahaere i te hanganga o te kōhao, te arotau i ngā tawhā whakarewa, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. Mā te whakamahine i te hanganga kōhao, ka taea te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā rohe kōhao, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te kukū o te ahotea, ka whakaiti i te hanganga o ngā kapiti. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mā te whakamahi i te hangarau oscillation hihi laser, ka taea te huri i ngā tioata poutū hei tioata ōrite pai me te kore e tāpiri i ētahi atu rauemi. Ka taea e te oscillation hihi laser te whakamarara i te kaha laser, ka puta te pōrearea i roto i te puna rewa, ka pakaru te ahunga tipu o ngā tioata poutū me te whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā tioata ōrite, e whakaatuhia ana i te Pikitia 3. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te oscillation hihi laser te whakanui ake i te whānui o te puna rewa, te whakaiti i te pikinga pāmahana, me te whakaroa i te wā totoka o te puna rewa, e whai hua ana ki te horapa o ngā matū wairewa me te whakakī anō i ngā kiriata wai, ka whakaiti nui i te aro o ngā kapiti totoka.
Te tohatoha o ngā kiriata wai rohe witi i raro i ngā āhua puna kaukau rerekē.
Te hoahoa kauwhata o te puna rewa whakarewa, a, b) kāore he wiri, c, d) wiri taha, e, f) wiri roa, g, h) wiri porowhita.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tehihi laserKo te hangarau wiri, te whakamahi i ngā pūtake taiaho takirua, tētahi o ngā tikanga whai hua hei pehi i ngā kapiti totoka. Ka taea e ngā pūtake taiaho takirua te whakatutuki i te whakawhiti mai i ngā tioata poutū ki ngā tioata ōrite mā te arotau i te huringa wera, ā, ka whakaitihia te rahi o te witi me te kukū taumahatanga. Hei tauira, ina whakamahia te taiaho CO₂ hei pūtake wera matua me te taiaho Nd:YAG hei pūtake wera āwhina, ka taea te hanga i tētahi huringa wera kua arotauhia i te wā whakarewa, ka whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā tioata ōrite me te whakaiti i te aro o ngā kapiti totoka, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4.
He huarahi nui anō hoki te arotau i ngā tawhā whakarewa hei pehi i ngā kapiti totoka. Mā te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā pēnei i te mana o te taiaho, te tere whakarewa, me te rahi o te ira, ka taea te whakahaere i te urunga wera me te pikinga pāmahana i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa, ā, ka pā ki te hanganga totoka me te āhua o te witi. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea e te maimoatanga whakamahana mua te whakaiti i te tere whakamatao, te whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā tioata ōrite, ā, ka whakaiti i te aro o ngā kapiti totoka, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 5. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakamahi i te whakarewa taiaho pāorooro me te whakanui ake i te tere whakarewa ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te whakawhiti mai i ngā tioata poutū ki ngā tioata ōrite mā te whakarerekē i te urunga wera me te tere whakamatao, ā, ka whakaiti i te aro o ngā kapiti.
Pikitia 5. a) Kāore i whakamahanatia, b) Ngā witi ōrite kua whakamahanatia ki te 300°C.
I te wā e whakarewahia ana ngā rauemi rerekē ki ngā reera, nā te rerekētanga nui o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū i waenga i ngā rauemi, ka ngāwari te hanga i ngā matū pakarukaru i waenga i ngā konganuku, koinei tētahi o ngā tino take o ngā kapiti totoka. Nō reira, ko te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā me ngā tautuhinga reera hei whakaiti i te hanganga, te nui rānei o ngā matū pakarukaru he rautaki nui anō hoki hei pehi i ngā kapiti totoka. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakarewa reera o ngā rauemi rerekē parahi-konumohe, mā te whakahaere i te rerekētanga o te hihi reera me te tere whakarewa, ka taea te whakaiti i te ōwehenga whakaranu o te parahi me te konumohe i roto i te puna rewa, ā, ka whakaiti i te hanganga o ngā matū pakarukaru i waenga i ngā konganuku me te whakaiti i te aro o ngā kapiti. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi whakakī ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te mahi o te hononga whakarewa me te whakaiti i te hanganga o ngā kapiti. Ka taea e ngā rauemi whakakī te whakaiti i te hanganga o ngā matū pakarukaru mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga me te hanganga iti o te hononga whakarewa me te whakapai ake i te pakari o te hononga whakarewa.
Ko ngā kapiti totoka tētahi o ngā hapa noa i roto i ngā tukanga whakarewa laser. He uaua te tikanga hanga, ā, kei roto ko te taunekeneke o ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te wera, te miihini, me te whakarewa. Mā te ako hohonu i te tikanga hanga o ngā kapiti totoka, ka taea te whakarato i te pūtake ariā mō te pehi i ngā kapiti. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakaarohia e ngā kairangahau ngā rautaki maha hei pehi i ngā kapiti totoka, e aro nui ana ki te whakahaere i te hanganga witi, te arotau i ngā tawhā whakarewa, me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga rauemi. Kua whakamātauhia e te mahi ka taea e ēnei rautaki te whakaiti i te aro o ngā kapiti totoka ki tētahi taumata me te whakapai ake i te kounga me te pono o te whakarewa laser. Heoi, nā te uaua me te kanorau o te tukanga whakarewa laser, kei te mau tonu ētahi ngoikoretanga i roto i ngā rangahau o nāianei. Hei tauira, mō ngā tikanga aukati o ngā kapiti totoka i raro i ngā rauemi me ngā āhuatanga whakarewa rerekē, me whai tonu he rangahau hohonu.
Wā tuku: Maehe-20-2025
