Ahakoa kua roa ngā taiaho tere rawa e whakamahia ana, kua tere te tipu o ngā tono ahumahi i ngā tekau tau e rua kua pahure ake nei. I te tau 2019, ko te uara mākete o te tere rawarauemi taiahoKo te tukatuka he tata ki te US$460 miriona, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 13%. Ko ngā wāhi tono i whakamahia angitu ai ngā taiaho tere rawa ki te tukatuka i ngā rauemi ahumahi ko te hanga me te whakatika i ngā whakaahua kanohi i roto i te umanga haurua-ira me te tapahi silicon, te tapahi/tuhi karāhe me te tango kiriata ITO (indium tin oxide) i roto i ngā taputapu hiko kaihoko pēnei i ngā waea pūkoro me ngā papa, te hanga piston mō te umanga motuka, te hanga stent coronary me te hanga taputapu microfluidic mō te umanga hauora.
01 Te hanga me te whakatika i ngā kopare whakaahua i roto i te umanga haurua-ira
I whakamahia ngā taiaho tere rawa i roto i tētahi o ngā tono ahumahi tuatahi i roto i te tukatuka rauemi. I pūrongohia e IBM te whakamahinga o te tango taiaho femtosecond i roto i te hanga whakaahua kanohi i ngā tau 1990. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tango taiaho nanosecond, ka taea te whakaputa i te paru whakarewa me te kino o te karāhe, kāore he paru whakarewa, kāore he kino o te karāhe e whakaatuhia ana e ngā kopare taiaho femtosecond. Ngā painga. Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga hei whakaputa i ngā ara iahiko whakauru (IC). Ko te hanga i tētahi maramara IC ka hiahiatia pea ki te 30 kopare me te utu >$100,000. Ka taea e te tukatuka taiaho femtosecond te tukatuka i ngā rārangi me ngā pūwāhi i raro i te 150nm.
Pikitia 1. Te hanga me te whakatika i te kopare whakaahua
Pikitia 2. Ngā hua arotau o ngā tauira kopare rerekē mō te whakaahua hihi ultraviolet tino kino
02 Te tapahi silicon i roto i te umanga semiconductor
Ko te tapahi i ngā papa wafer silicon he tukanga hanga paerewa i roto i te umanga haurua-ā-ira, ā, ko te tikanga ka mahia mā te whakamahi i te tapahi miihini. He maha ngā wā ka puta he kapiti moroiti i roto i ēnei wira tapahi, ā, he uaua ki te tapahi i ngā papa wafer angiangi (hei tauira, te matotoru < 150 μm). Kua whakamahia te tapahi laser o ngā papa wafer silicon i roto i te umanga haurua-ā-ira mō ngā tau maha, inā koa mō ngā papa wafer angiangi (100-200μm), ā, he maha ngā mahi e mahia ana: te keri laser, ā, muri iho ko te wehenga miihini, te tapahi huna rānei (arā, te hihi laser infrared i roto i te whakairo silicon) ā, muri iho ko te wehenga rīpene miihini. Ka taea e te laser pulse nanosecond te tukatuka i te 15 papa wafer ia hāora, ā, ka taea e te laser picosecond te tukatuka i te 23 papa wafer ia hāora, me te kounga teitei ake.
03 Te tapahi/te tuhi karāhe i roto i te umanga hikohiko pau
Kei te angiangi haere ngā mata pā me ngā mōhiti tiaki mō ngā waea pūkoro me ngā pona, ā, kei te piko haere ētahi āhua ā-ira. Nā tēnei ka uaua ake te tapahi ā-ringa tuku iho. Ko ngā reera noa ka whakaputa i te kounga tapahi ngoikore, inā koa ka whakarārangihia ēnei whakaaturanga karāhe kia 3-4 ngā paparanga, ā, ka whakamaroketia te karāhe tiaki matotoru 700 μm o runga, ka pakaru pea i te ahotea ā-rohe. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā reera tino tere ka taea te tapahi i ēnei karāhe me te kaha ake o te taha. Mō te tapahi papatahi nui, ka taea te arotahi i te reera femtosecond ki te mata o muri o te pepa karāhe, ka waruhia te roto o te karāhe me te kore e kino te mata o mua. Kātahi ka taea te pakaru i te karāhe mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-ringa, ā-wera rānei i te tauira kua tohua.
Pikitia 3. Tapahi motuhake mō te karāhe reihi tere rawa picosecond
04 Ngā kakano piston i roto i te umanga motuka
He mea hanga ngā miihini waka mama ki te konumohe, kāore e ātete ki te pakaru pērā i te rino maka. Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka taea e te tukatuka taiaho femtosecond o ngā kakano piston waka te whakaiti i te waku tae atu ki te 25% nā te mea ka taea te penapena pai i ngā paru me te hinu.
Pikitia 4. Te tukatuka taiaho femtosecond o ngā piston miihini motuka hei whakapai ake i te mahi miihini
05 Te hanga stent coronary i roto i te umanga hauora
E miriona ngā stent coronary e whakatōkia ana ki roto i ngā uaua coronary o te tinana hei whakatuwhera i te awa e rere ai te toto ki roto i ngā oko toto kua totoka, ā, e whakaora ana i te miriona o ngā oranga i ia tau. Ko ngā stent coronary he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā mai i te mata waea whakarewa (hei tauira, te maitai kore waikura, te koranu mahara āhua nickel-titanium, te koranu cobalt-chromium rānei i ēnei wā tata nei) me te whānui o te pou tata ki te 100 μm. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tapahi laser roa-pulse, ko ngā painga o te whakamahi i ngā laser tino tere ki te tapahi i ngā whāriki ko te kounga tapahi teitei, te mutunga mata pai ake, me te iti ake o ngā paru, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu tukatuka muri.
06 Te hanga taputapu moroiti mō te umanga hauora
He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā taputapu moroiti-wai i roto i te umanga hauora mō te whakamātautau me te tautuhi mate. Ko te tikanga ka hangaia ēnei mā te werohanga moroiti-wero o ngā wāhanga takitahi, kātahi ka honoa mā te whakamahi i te whakapiri, te whakarewa rānei. Ko te painga o te hanga reera tino tere o ngā taputapu moroiti-wai he whakaputa i ngā awa moroiti 3D i roto i ngā rauemi mārama pēnei i te karāhe me te kore e hiahiatia he hononga. Ko tētahi tikanga ko te hanga reera tino tere i roto i te karāhe nui, ā, muri iho ko te whakairo matū mākū, ko tētahi atu ko te tango i ngā paru mā te reera femtosecond i roto i te karāhe, i te kirihou rānei i roto i te wai whakapūmau hei tango i ngā paru. Ko tētahi atu huarahi ko te mīhini i ngā awa ki roto i te mata karāhe me te hiri i a rātou ki te taupoki karāhe mā te whakarewa reera femtosecond.
Pikitia 6. Te whakairo whiriwhiri i puta mai i te taiaho femtosecond hei whakarite i ngā awa moroiti i roto i ngā rauemi karāhe
07 Te keri moroiti o te pūwero werowero
Kua whakakapia te mahi miihini moroiti-EDM e te mīhini taiaho femtosecond i roto i te maha o ngā kamupene i roto i te mākete werowero pēhanga-teitei nā te ngāwari ake o te whakarerekē i ngā kōtaha poka rere me ngā wā miihini poto ake. Nā te kaha ki te whakahaere aunoa i te tūranga arotahi me te piko o te hihi mā te pane matawai mua kua arahina ki te hoahoa o ngā kōtaha whakatuwheratanga (hei tauira, te oko, te mura, te huihuinga, te wehewehe) ka taea te whakatairanga i te atomization, te urunga rānei ki roto i te ruma mura. Ko te wā keri ka whakawhirinaki ki te rōrahi ablation, me te matotoru o te keri o te 0.2 – 0.5 mm me te diameter poka o te 0.12 – 0.25 mm, e tekau ngā wā tere ake ai tēnei tikanga i te moroiti-EDM. E toru ngā wāhanga o te keri moroiti, tae atu ki te roughing me te whakaoti i ngā poka mā roto i te pilot. Ka whakamahia te argon hei hau āwhina hei tiaki i te poka mai i te waikura me te tiaki i te plasma whakamutunga i ngā wāhanga tuatahi.
Pikitia 7. Te tukatuka tino tika o te pūwero whakarara femtosecond laser mō te werowero miihini tīhiera
08 Te hanga kakano taiaho tino tere
I ngā tau tata nei, hei whakapai ake i te tika o te miihini, hei whakaiti i te kino o ngā rauemi, me te whakanui ake i te pai o te tukatuka, kua āta noho te mara o te miihini iti hei arotahi mā ngā kairangahau. He maha ngā painga tukatuka o te taiaho tere rawa, pērā i te iti o te kino me te tino tika, ā, kua noho hei arotahi mō te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te hangarau tukatuka. I taua wā anō, ka taea e ngā taiaho tere rawa te mahi ki runga i ngā momo rauemi, ā, ko te kino o ngā rauemi tukatuka taiaho he huarahi rangahau nui anō hoki. Ka whakamahia te taiaho tere rawa hei tango i ngā rauemi. Ina teitei ake te mātotoru o te taiaho i te paepae tango o te rauemi, ka whakaatuhia e te mata o te rauemi kua tangohia he hanganga moroiti-nano me ētahi āhuatanga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he āhuatanga noa tēnei Hanganga mata motuhake e puta ana i te wā e tukatukahia ana ngā rauemi e te taiaho. Ka taea e te whakarite i ngā hanganga moroiti-nano mata te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi tonu, ā, ka taea hoki te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi hou. Nā tēnei ka waiho te whakarite i ngā hanganga moroiti-nano mata mā te taiaho tere rawa hei tikanga hangarau me te hiranga nui o te whanaketanga. I tēnei wā, mō ngā rauemi whakarewa, ka taea e te rangahau mō te hanganga mata taiaho tino tere te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga mākū o te mata whakarewa, te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga waku me te kakahu o te mata, te whakarei ake i te piri o te paninga, me te tipu me te piri o ngā pūtau.
Pikitia 8. Ngā āhuatanga wai-kore o te mata silicon kua whakaritea ki te laser
Hei hangarau tukatuka matatau, ko ngā āhuatanga o te tukatuka taiaho tere rawa ko te rohe iti e pāngia ana e te wera, te tukanga taunekeneke kore-raina me ngā rauemi, me te tukatuka taumira teitei ki tua atu i te rohe diffraction. Ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i te tukatuka micro-nano kounga teitei me te tino tika o ngā rauemi, me te hanganga hanganga micro-nano toru-ahu. Mā te whakatutuki i te hanga taiaho o ngā rauemi motuhake, ngā hanganga uaua me ngā taputapu motuhake ka whakatuwhera i ngā huarahi hou mō te hanga micro-nano. I tēnei wā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te taiaho femtosecond i roto i ngā mara pūtaiao matatau: ka taea te whakamahi i te taiaho femtosecond ki te whakarite i ngā taputapu whatu, pēnei i ngā rarangi microlens, ngā kanohi pūhui bionic, ngā arataki ngaru whatu me ngā mata meta; mā te whakamahi i tōna tino tika, te taumira teitei me te. Me ngā āheinga tukatuka toru-ahu, ka taea e te taiaho femtosecond te whakarite, te whakauru rānei i ngā maramara microfluidic me te optofluidic pēnei i ngā wāhanga microheater me ngā hongere microfluidic toru-ahu; Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki e te taiaho femtosecond te whakarite i ngā momo hanganga moroiti mata rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi ārai-whakaata, ārai-whakaata, super-hydrophobic, ārai-hukapapa me ētahi atu mahi; ehara i te mea koinā anake, kua whakamahia hoki te taiaho femtosecond i roto i te mara o te rongoā koiora, e whakaatu ana i te mahi tino pai i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te moroiti-stent koiora, ngā papa ahurea pūtau me te whakaahua moroiti koiora. He whānui ngā tirohanga tono. I tēnei wā, kei te whānui haere ngā mara tono o te tukatuka taiaho femtosecond i ia tau. Haunga ngā moroiti-whatu kua whakahuatia ake nei, ngā moroiti-fluidics, ngā moroiti-whatu maha-mahi me ngā tono hangarau koiora, he nui hoki tana mahi i roto i ētahi mara hou, pēnei i te whakarite mata-meta, te hanga moroiti-nano me te rokiroki mōhiohio whatu maha-ahu, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: 17 Paenga-whāwhā 2024
